{"id":227,"date":"2023-11-25T17:33:21","date_gmt":"2023-11-25T09:33:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/?p=227"},"modified":"2024-03-28T13:44:40","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T05:44:40","slug":"%e7%a3%81%e7%9b%98%e5%ad%98%e5%82%a8%e5%92%8c%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/?p=227","title":{"rendered":"\u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u524d\u8a00\uff1aLinux\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u786c\u76d8\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u533a(fdisk\u3001gdisk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(mkfs)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\u6302\u8f7d\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(mount)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1.\u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
#CentOS6\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684CHS\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f(cylinder\u3001head\u3001sector\/track)\n[root@centos6 ~]# fdisk -l\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes\n255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 26108 cylinders\nUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisk identifier: 0x000898ed\n\n   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\n\/dev\/sda1   *           1         262     2097152   83  Linux\nPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.\n\/dev\/sda2             262         523     2097152   82  Linux swap \/ Solaris\nPartition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.\n\/dev\/sda3             523         574      409600   83  Linux\nPartition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary.\n\/dev\/sda4             574       26109   205110272    5  Extended\n\/dev\/sda5             574       26109   205109248   83  Linux\n[root@centos6 ~]#\n\n#CentOS7\u30018\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\n[root@CentOS7 ~]# fdisk -l\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors\nUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisk label type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0x000a9850\n\n   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\n\/dev\/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda2         2099200   211814399   104857600   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda3       211814400   216008703     2097152   82  Linux swap \/ Solaris\n\/dev\/sda4       216008704   419430399   101710848    5  Extended\n\/dev\/sda5       216010752   320868351    52428800   83  Linux\n[root@CentOS7 ~]#\n\n[root@centos8 ~]#fdisk -l\nDisk \/dev\/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: AEA0EA65-4F91-4841-9BC3-E9530AED5DD0\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0x64f77bbe\n\nDevice     Boot     Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type\n\/dev\/sda1            2048 209717247 209715200  100G 83 Linux\n\/dev\/sda2       209717248 314574847 104857600   50G 83 Linux\n\/dev\/sda3       314574848 318769151   4194304    2G 82 Linux swap \/ Solaris\n\/dev\/sda4       318769152 419430399 100661248   48G  5 Extended\n\/dev\/sda5  *    318773248 320870399   2097152    1G 83 Linux\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0xda250a9c\n\n#\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5165\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230CHS\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\n[root@CentOS7 ~]# fdisk -u=cylinder -l\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors\nUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisk label type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0x000a9850\n\n   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\n\/dev\/sda1   *           1         131     1048576   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda2             131       13185   104857600   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda3           13185       13446     2097152   82  Linux swap \/ Solaris\n\/dev\/sda4           13446       26109   101710848    5  Extended\n\/dev\/sda5           13447       19974    52428800   83  Linux\n\n[root@centos8 ~]#fdisk -u=cylinder -l\nDisk \/dev\/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors\nGeometry: 255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 1305 cylinders\nUnits: cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: AEA0EA65-4F91-4841-9BC3-E9530AED5DD0\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors\nGeometry: 255 heads, 2 sectors\/track, 26108 cylinders\nUnits: cylinders of 510 * 512 = 261120 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0x64f77bbe\n\nDevice     Boot  Start    End Cylinders  Size Id Type\n\/dev\/sda1            5 411211    411207  100G 83 Linux\n\/dev\/sda2       411211 616814    205604   50G 83 Linux\n\/dev\/sda3       616814 625038      8225    2G 82 Linux swap \/ Solaris\n\/dev\/sda4       625038 822413    197375   48G  5 Extended\n\/dev\/sda5  *    625046 629158      4113    1G 83 Linux\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors\nGeometry: 255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 2610 cylinders\nUnits: cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0xda250a9c\n\n#\u8bc6\u522bSSD\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u786c\u76d8\u7c7b\u578b 1\u8868\u793a\u673a\u68b0\uff0c0\u8868\u793aSSD\n[root@CentOS8 ~]# lsblk -d -o name,rota\nNAME    ROTA\nsda        1\nsr0        1\nsr1        1\nnvme0n1    0\n[root@CentOS8 ~]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u533a\u8868\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
MBR\u548cGPT\u5206\u533a\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. MBR\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u7ba1\u74064\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5206\u533a\u62163\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5206\u533a\u548c1\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a(N\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a)\uff0c\u800cGPT\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406128\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. MBR\u4ec5\u652f\u630132\u4f4d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5757\u5730\u5740\uff08LBA\uff09\uff0c\u800cGPT\u652f\u630164\u4f4d\u7684LBA\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. GPT\u652f\u6301\u78c1\u76d8\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u5907\u4efd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5206\u533a\u8868\u635f\u574f\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. MBR\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ba1\u7406\u8d85\u8fc72.2TB\u7684\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u800cGPT\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    #\u67e5\u770bMBR\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u524d512\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d55 aa\u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u4f4d\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u768464\u5b57\u8282\u662f\u8ddf\u5206\u533a\u8868\u76f8\u5173\u7684\n[root@centos8 ~]#hexdump -C -n 512 \/dev\/sda\n00000000  eb 63 90 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |.c..............|\n00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|\n00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|\n00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 01 8b  |.........|...t..|\n00000040  4c 02 cd 13 ea 00 7c 00  00 eb fe 00 00 00 00 00  |L.....|.........|\n00000050  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 80 01 00 00 00  |................|\n00000060  00 00 00 00 ff fa 90 90  f6 c2 80 74 05 f6 c2 70  |...........t...p|\n00000070  74 02 b2 80 ea 79 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |t....y|..1......|\n00000080  00 20 fb a0 64 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 be 05 7c  |. ..d|<.t...R..||\n00000090  b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a  52 72 3d 81 fb 55 aa 75  |.A..U..ZRr=..U.u|\n000000a0  37 83 e1 01 74 32 31 c0  89 44 04 40 88 44 ff 89  |7...t21..D.@.D..|\n000000b0  44 02 c7 04 10 00 66 8b  1e 5c 7c 66 89 5c 08 66  |D.....f..\\|f.\\.f|\n000000c0  8b 1e 60 7c 66 89 5c 0c  c7 44 06 00 70 b4 42 cd  |..`|f.\\..D..p.B.|\n000000d0  13 72 05 bb 00 70 eb 76  b4 08 cd 13 73 0d 5a 84  |.r...p.v....s.Z.|\n000000e0  d2 0f 83 de 00 be 85 7d  e9 82 00 66 0f b6 c6 88  |.......}...f....|\n000000f0  64 ff 40 66 89 44 04 0f  b6 d1 c1 e2 02 88 e8 88  |d.@f.D..........|\n00000100  f4 40 89 44 08 0f b6 c2  c0 e8 02 66 89 04 66 a1  |.@.D.......f..f.|\n00000110  60 7c 66 09 c0 75 4e 66  a1 5c 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7  |`|f..uNf.\\|f1.f.|\n00000120  34 88 d1 31 d2 66 f7 74  04 3b 44 08 7d 37 fe c1  |4..1.f.t.;D.}7..|\n00000130  88 c5 30 c0 c1 e8 02 08  c1 88 d0 5a 88 c6 bb 00  |..0........Z....|\n00000140  70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02  cd 13 72 1e 8c c3 60 1e  |p..1......r...`.|\n00000150  b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 bf  00 80 8e c6 fc f3 a5 1f  |.....1..........|\n00000160  61 ff 26 5a 7c be 80 7d  eb 03 be 8f 7d e8 34 00  |a.&Z|..}....}.4.|\n00000170  be 94 7d e8 2e 00 cd 18  eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00  |..}.......GRUB .|\n00000180  47 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72  64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52  |Geom.Hard Disk.R|\n00000190  65 61 64 00 20 45 72 72  6f 72 0d 0a 00 bb 01 00  |ead. Error......|\n000001a0  b4 0e cd 10 ac 3c 00 75  f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.....<.u........|\n000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  be 7b f7 64 00 00 00 04  |.........{.d....| #00 44\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u533a\u8868\u7684\u5f00\u5934\n000001c0  01 04 83 fe c2 ff 00 08  00 00 00 00 80 0c 00 fe  |................| # 83 \u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\n000001d0  c2 ff 83 fe c2 ff 00 08  80 0c 00 00 40 06 00 fe  |............@...| # 83\n000001e0  c2 ff 82 fe c2 ff 00 08  c0 12 00 00 40 00 00 fe  |............@...| # 82\n000001f0  c2 ff 05 fe c2 ff 00 08  00 13 00 f8 ff 05 55 aa  |..............U.| # 05 \n00000200 #55 aa \u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#fdisk -l\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u533a\u8868\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u7136\u540e\u6574\u5408\u597d\u7684\n[root@centos8 ~]#fdisk -l\nDisk \/dev\/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: AEA0EA65-4F91-4841-9BC3-E9530AED5DD0\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0x64f77bbe\n\nDevice     Boot     Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type\n\/dev\/sda1            2048 209717247 209715200  100G 83 Linux # Id\u8fd9\u4e00\u5217\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u533a\u8868\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7c7b\u578b 83\u300183\u300182\u30015\u300183\n\/dev\/sda2       209717248 314574847 104857600   50G 83 Linux\n\/dev\/sda3       314574848 318769151   4194304    2G 82 Linux swap \/ Solaris\n\/dev\/sda4       318769152 419430399 100661248   48G  5 Extended\n\/dev\/sda5  *    318773248 320870399   2097152    1G 83 Linux\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0xda250a9c\n[root@centos8 ~]#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2.1\u5907\u4efdMBR\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u7531\u4e8eMBR\u5206\u533a\u8868\u635f\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5206\u533a\u5c31\u4f1a\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u5982\u4f55\u5907\u4efdMBR\u4e2d\u768464byte\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8868\uff0cMBR\u524d512\u5b57\u8282\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u51cf\u53bb\u540e\u9762\u768464\u5b57\u8282\u5206\u533a\u8868\uff0c\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u5fd7\u5c31\u662f446\u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    #\u5907\u4efdMBR\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8868\n#\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u5230\"dd\"\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907 \u3001\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u8fd8\u539f\u78c1\u76d8\u6620\u50cf\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u7528\u6cd5\u53c2\u8003\"Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u5168\u8be6\u89e3\"\n[root@centos8 ~]#dd if=\/dev\/sda of=\/data\/mbr bs=1 count=64 skip=446\n64+0 records in\n64+0 records out\n64 bytes copied, 0.000172599 s, 371 kB\/s\n[root@centos8 ~]#ll \/data\/mbr\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 64 Mar  3 22:17 \/data\/mbr\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n#\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\n[root@centos8 ~]#hexdump -C \/data\/mbr\n00000000  00 04 01 04 83 fe c2 ff  00 08 00 00 00 00 80 0c  |................|\n00000010  00 fe c2 ff 83 fe c2 ff  00 08 80 0c 00 00 40 06  |..............@.|\n00000020  00 fe c2 ff 82 fe c2 ff  00 08 c0 12 00 00 40 00  |..............@.|\n00000030  00 fe c2 ff 05 fe c2 ff  00 08 00 13 00 f8 ff 05  |................|\n00000040\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n#\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u662f\u5f02\u5730\u5907\u4efd\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u6709\u6548\n[root@centos8 ~]#scp \/data\/mbr 10.0.0.102:\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2.2 \u7834\u574f\u5206\u533a\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    #\u4e0b\u9762\u6a21\u62df\u7834\u574f\u5206\u533a\u8868\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6062\u590d\n#\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\/dev\/zero\u5199\u5165\u5230\u5206\u533a\u8868\u5f53\u4e2d\n[root@centos8 ~]#dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/sda bs=1 count=64 seek=446\n64+0 records in\n64+0 records out\n64 bytes copied, 0.00017075 s, 375 kB\/s\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u533a\u8868\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u7834\u574f\n[root@centos8 ~]#hexdump -C \/dev\/sda -n 512 -v\n00000000  eb 63 90 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |.c..............|\n00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|\n00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|\n00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 01 8b  |.........|...t..|\n00000040  4c 02 cd 13 ea 00 7c 00  00 eb fe 00 00 00 00 00  |L.....|.........|\n00000050  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 80 01 00 00 00  |................|\n00000060  00 00 00 00 ff fa 90 90  f6 c2 80 74 05 f6 c2 70  |...........t...p|\n00000070  74 02 b2 80 ea 79 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |t....y|..1......|\n00000080  00 20 fb a0 64 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 be 05 7c  |. ..d|<.t...R..||\n00000090  b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a  52 72 3d 81 fb 55 aa 75  |.A..U..ZRr=..U.u|\n000000a0  37 83 e1 01 74 32 31 c0  89 44 04 40 88 44 ff 89  |7...t21..D.@.D..|\n000000b0  44 02 c7 04 10 00 66 8b  1e 5c 7c 66 89 5c 08 66  |D.....f..\\|f.\\.f|\n000000c0  8b 1e 60 7c 66 89 5c 0c  c7 44 06 00 70 b4 42 cd  |..`|f.\\..D..p.B.|\n000000d0  13 72 05 bb 00 70 eb 76  b4 08 cd 13 73 0d 5a 84  |.r...p.v....s.Z.|\n000000e0  d2 0f 83 de 00 be 85 7d  e9 82 00 66 0f b6 c6 88  |.......}...f....|\n000000f0  64 ff 40 66 89 44 04 0f  b6 d1 c1 e2 02 88 e8 88  |d.@f.D..........|\n00000100  f4 40 89 44 08 0f b6 c2  c0 e8 02 66 89 04 66 a1  |.@.D.......f..f.|\n00000110  60 7c 66 09 c0 75 4e 66  a1 5c 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7  |`|f..uNf.\\|f1.f.|\n00000120  34 88 d1 31 d2 66 f7 74  04 3b 44 08 7d 37 fe c1  |4..1.f.t.;D.}7..|\n00000130  88 c5 30 c0 c1 e8 02 08  c1 88 d0 5a 88 c6 bb 00  |..0........Z....|\n00000140  70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02  cd 13 72 1e 8c c3 60 1e  |p..1......r...`.|\n00000150  b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 bf  00 80 8e c6 fc f3 a5 1f  |.....1..........|\n00000160  61 ff 26 5a 7c be 80 7d  eb 03 be 8f 7d e8 34 00  |a.&Z|..}....}.4.|\n00000170  be 94 7d e8 2e 00 cd 18  eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00  |..}.......GRUB .|\n00000180  47 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72  64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52  |Geom.Hard Disk.R|\n00000190  65 61 64 00 20 45 72 72  6f 72 0d 0a 00 bb 01 00  |ead. Error......|\n000001a0  b4 0e cd 10 ac 3c 00 75  f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.....<.u........|\n000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  be 7b f7 64 00 00 00 00  |.........{.d....|\n000001c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|\n000001d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|\n000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|\n000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|\n00000200\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u4f7f\u7528fdisk\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5206\u533a\u60c5\u51b5\n[root@centos8 ~]#fdisk -l\nDisk \/dev\/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt\nDisk identifier: AEA0EA65-4F91-4841-9BC3-E9530AED5DD0\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0x64f77bbe\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0xda250a9c\n[root@centos8 ~]#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2.3 \u6062\u590d\u5206\u533a\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    #1.\u4f7f\u7528\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f:\u6309\u4e0bCtrl+Alt+Insert\uff0c0.5\u79d2\u5185\u53ea\u6309\u4e00\u4e0bESc\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u9009\u62e9\u5149\u9a71(CD-ROM Drive)\u754c\u9762\uff0c\n#2.\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u53bb\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f(Troubleshooting),\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\n#3.\u9009\u62e9\"Rescure a CentOS Linux system\",\u5c06\u5907\u4efd\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8868\u901a\u8fc7scp\u62f7\u8d1d\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\n#4.\u63d0\u793a\uff1aPlease make a selection from then above:1\n#5.Please press ENTER get a shell\uff1a\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\n\nsh-4.4#ip a\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0cens160\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709ip<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \"image-20230304002130086\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    #\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u5361ens160\u6dfb\u52a0IP\u5730\u5740\nsh-4.4#ip a a 10.0.0.100\/24 dev ens160\nsh-4.4#ip a #\u518d\u6b21\u67e5\u770b\u53d1\u73b0\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709ip\u4e86\uff0c10.0.0.100\n#ping\u4e00\u4e0bMBR\u5206\u533a\u8868\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5426\u901a\u8fbe\nsh-4.4#ping 10.0.0.102\nsh-4.4#scp 10.0.0.102:\/root\/mbr .\n#\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u533a\u8868\nsh-4.4#hexdump -C -n 512 \/dev\/sda -v\n#\u4f7f\u7528dd\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u6062\u590d\nsh-4.4#dd if=mbr of=\/dev\/sda bs=1 count=64 seek=446\n#\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528hexdump\u67e5\u770b\u6062\u590d\u6210\u529f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \"image-20230304003515051\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \u91cd\u542f\u5373\u53ef\uff01\uff01\uff01Ctrl+Alt+Insert<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    3.MBR\u5206\u533a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    3.1\u5212\u5206\u4e3b\u5206\u533a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    #\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5206\u533a\n[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk\nNAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sda1   8:1    0  100G  0 part \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2   8:2    0   50G  0 part \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda3   8:3    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]\n\u251c\u2500sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part\n\u2514\u2500sda5   8:5    0    1G  0 part \/boot\nsdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk\nsdc      8:32   0   10G  0 disk\nsr0     11:0    1  9.5G  0 rom\nsr1     11:1    1 10.1G  0 rom\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9sdb\u8fd9\u5757\u786c\u76d8\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u533a\n#\u521b\u5efaMBR\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u73b0\u6709\u4e3b\u5206\u533a\u6216\u8005\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a\u624d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\nroot@centos8 ~]#fdisk \/dev\/sdb\n\nWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).\nChanges will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.\nBe careful before using the write command.\n\nCommand (m for help): n #\u8f93\u5165n\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u533a\nPartition type\n   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)\n   e   extended (container for logical partitions)\nSelect (default p): p #\u8f93\u5165p\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e3b\u5206\u533a\nPartition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #1-4\u662f\u4e3b\u5206\u533a\u6216\u8005\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a\uff0c5\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\nFirst sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): #\u56de\u8f66\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ece\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u5212\u5206\u6247\u533a\nLast sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +2G #\u5212\u5206\u591a\u5c11\u6247\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed9\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u6247\u533a\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8ba9\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba1\u7b97\n\nCreated a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.\n\nCommand (m for help): p #\u8f93\u5165p\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5206\u533a\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0xda250a9c\n\nDevice     Boot Start     End Sectors Size Id Type\n\/dev\/sdb1        2048 4196351 4194304   2G 83 Linux<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.2\u5212\u5206\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    #\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5212\u5206\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a\nCommand (m for help): n #\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\nPartition type\n   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)\n   e   extended (container for logical partitions)\nSelect (default p): e #\u9009\u62e9\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a\nPartition number (2-4, default 2): #\u9ed8\u8ba4\u56de\u8f66\u5c31\u662f\u7f16\u53f72\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a\nFirst sector (4196352-41943039, default 4196352): #\u9ed8\u8ba4\u56de\u8f66\u4ece\u4e4b\u524d\u5212\u5206\u4e3b\u5206\u533a1\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u5212\u5206\nLast sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4196352-41943039, default 41943039): +10G #10G\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u6247\u533a\u6570\u91cf\n\nCreated a new partition 2 of type 'Extended' and of size 10 GiB.\n\nCommand (m for help): p #\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5206\u533a\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0xda250a9c\n\nDevice     Boot   Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type\n\/dev\/sdb1          2048  4196351  4194304   2G 83 Linux\n\/dev\/sdb2       4196352 25167871 20971520  10G  5 Extended\n\nCommand (m for help):<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.3\u5212\u5206\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    #\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5212\u5206\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\nCommand (m for help): n #\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\nPartition type\n   p   primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)\n   l   logical (numbered from 5)  #\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\nSelect (default p): l #\u9009\u62e9\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\n\nAdding logical partition 5 #\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e72\u6d89\nFirst sector (4198400-25167871, default 4198400): #\u9009\u62e9\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\nLast sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4198400-25167871, default 25167871): +2G #\u5212\u5206\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a2G\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u6247\u533a\n\nCreated a new partition 5 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.\n\nCommand (m for help): p #\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5206\u533a\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0xda250a9c\n\nDevice     Boot   Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type\n\/dev\/sdb1          2048  4196351  4194304   2G 83 Linux\n\/dev\/sdb2       4196352 25167871 20971520  10G  5 Extended\n\/dev\/sdb5       4198400  8392703  4194304   2G 83 Linux\n\nCommand (m for help):w #w\u662f\u5b58\u76d8\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u78c1\u76d8\u5212\u5206\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662fquit\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u5b58\u76d8\u9000\u51fa\nThe partition table has been altered.\nCalling ioctl() to re-read partition table.\nSyncing disks.\n\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n#\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5220\u9664\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528d\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5047\u5982\u91cc\u9762\u73b0\u5728\u6709sdb5\u3001sdb6\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06sdb5\u5206\u533a\u5220\u6389\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u67e5\u770b\u91cc\u9762\u7684sdb5\u8fd8\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3asdb6\u8fd9\u5757\u786c\u76d8\u81ea\u52a8\u6539\u540d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86sdb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868Linux\u91cc\u9762\u5206\u533a\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\n\n#\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u5206\u533a\n[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk\nNAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sda1   8:1    0  100G  0 part \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2   8:2    0   50G  0 part \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda3   8:3    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]\n\u251c\u2500sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part\n\u2514\u2500sda5   8:5    0    1G  0 part \/boot\nsdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sdb1   8:17   0    2G  0 part\n\u251c\u2500sdb2   8:18   0    1K  0 part\n\u2514\u2500sdb5   8:21   0    2G  0 part\nsdc      8:32   0   10G  0 disk\nsr0     11:0    1  9.5G  0 rom\nsr1     11:1    1 10.1G  0 rom\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    4.GPT\u5206\u533a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    #\u4f7f\u7528GPT\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u533a\n[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk\nNAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sda1   8:1    0  100G  0 part \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2   8:2    0   50G  0 part \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda3   8:3    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]\n\u251c\u2500sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part\n\u2514\u2500sda5   8:5    0    1G  0 part \/boot\nsdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sdb1   8:17   0    2G  0 part\n\u251c\u2500sdb2   8:18   0    1K  0 part\n\u2514\u2500sdb5   8:21   0    2G  0 part\nsdc      8:32   0   10G  0 disk\nsr0     11:0    1  9.5G  0 rom\nsr1     11:1    1 10.1G  0 rom\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9sdc\u8fd9\u5757\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528GPT\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u533a\n[root@centos8 ~]#gdisk \/dev\/sdc\nGPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3\n\nPartition table scan:\n  MBR: protective\n  BSD: not present\n  APM: not present\n  GPT: present\n\nFound valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.\n\nCommand (? for help): n #gdisk\u548cfdisk\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528n\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u5206\u533a\nPartition number (1-128, default 1): #\u9009\u62e9\u5206\u533a\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\uff0cgpt\u6709128\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f1\nFirst sector (34-20971486, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: #\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5212\u5206\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\nLast sector (2048-20971486, default = 20971486) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +3G #\u7a7a\u95f43G\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6247\u533a\u6570\u91cf\nCurrent type is 'Linux filesystem'\nHex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): #\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7c7b\u578b\nChanged type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'\n\nCommand (? for help): p\nDisk \/dev\/sdc: 20971520 sectors, 10.0 GiB\nModel: VMware Virtual S\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512\/512 bytes\nDisk identifier (GUID): AEA0EA65-4F91-4841-9BC3-E9530AED5DD0\nPartition table holds up to 128 entries\nMain partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33\nFirst usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 20971486\nPartitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries\nTotal free space is 14679997 sectors (7.0 GiB)\n\nNumber  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name\n   1            2048         6293503   3.0 GiB     8300  Linux filesystem\n\nCommand (? for help):w #\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\n\nFinal checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING\nPARTITIONS!!\n\nDo you want to proceed? (Y\/N): y #\u786e\u5b9a\nOK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to \/dev\/sdc.\nThe operation has completed successfully.\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u901a\u8fc7fdisk -l\u67e5\u770b\n[root@centos8 ~]#fdisk -l\nDisk \/dev\/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: gpt #GPT\u5206\u533a\nDisk identifier: AEA0EA65-4F91-4841-9BC3-E9530AED5DD0\n\nDevice     Start     End Sectors Size Type\n\/dev\/sdc1   2048 6293503 6291456   3G Linux filesystem\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos #dos\u4ee3\u8868MBR\u5206\u533a\nDisk identifier: 0x64f77bbe\n\nDevice     Boot     Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type\n\/dev\/sda1            2048 209717247 209715200  100G 83 Linux\n\/dev\/sda2       209717248 314574847 104857600   50G 83 Linux\n\/dev\/sda3       314574848 318769151   4194304    2G 82 Linux swap \/ Solaris\n\/dev\/sda4       318769152 419430399 100661248   48G  5 Extended\n\/dev\/sda5  *    318773248 320870399   2097152    1G 83 Linux\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisklabel type: dos\nDisk identifier: 0xda250a9c\n\nDevice     Boot   Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type\n\/dev\/sdb1          2048  4196351  4194304   2G 83 Linux\n\/dev\/sdb2       4196352 25167871 20971520  10G  5 Extended\n\/dev\/sdb5       4198400  8392703  4194304   2G 83 Linux\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    5.\u5206\u533a\u6ca1\u751f\u6548<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u5212\u5206\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u65b0\u7684\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5bf9\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u5206\u533a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5212\u5206\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5212\u5206\u4ee5\u540e\u5206\u533a\u8868\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u4f1a\u8bc6\u522b\u5230\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    #\u5212\u5206sda\n[root@centos7 ~]#lsblk\nNAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsda      8:0    0  250G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part \/boot\n\u251c\u2500sda2   8:2    0  100G  0 part \/\n\u251c\u2500sda3   8:3    0   50G  0 part \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part\nsdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk\nsdc      8:32   0   10G  0 disk\nsr0     11:0    1  4.4G  0 rom\n[root@centos7 ~]#\n[root@centos7 ~]#fdisk \/dev\/sda\n\u6b22\u8fce\u4f7f\u7528 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)\u3002\n\n\u66f4\u6539\u5c06\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u60a8\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u66f4\u6539\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u3002\n\u4f7f\u7528\u5199\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u8bf7\u4e09\u601d\u3002\n\n\u547d\u4ee4(\u8f93\u5165 m \u83b7\u53d6\u5e2e\u52a9)\uff1an\nAll primary partitions are in use\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a 5\n\u8d77\u59cb \u6247\u533a (316674048-419430399\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a 316674048)\uff1a\n\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c 316674048\nLast \u6247\u533a, +\u6247\u533a or +size{K,M,G} (316674048-419430399\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a 419430399)\uff1a+1G\n\u5206\u533a 5 \u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a Linux \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 GiB\n\n\u547d\u4ee4(\u8f93\u5165 m \u83b7\u53d6\u5e2e\u52a9)\uff1ap #\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5df2\u7ecf\u5212\u5206\u4e86sda5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\n\n\u78c1\u76d8 \/dev\/sda\uff1a268.4 GB, 268435456000 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c524288000 \u4e2a\u6247\u533a\nUnits = \u6247\u533a of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\n\u6247\u533a\u5927\u5c0f(\u903b\u8f91\/\u7269\u7406)\uff1a512 \u5b57\u8282 \/ 512 \u5b57\u8282\nI\/O \u5927\u5c0f(\u6700\u5c0f\/\u6700\u4f73)\uff1a512 \u5b57\u8282 \/ 512 \u5b57\u8282\n\u78c1\u76d8\u6807\u7b7e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1ados\n\u78c1\u76d8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff1a0x000bfad6\n\n   \u8bbe\u5907 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\n\/dev\/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda2         2099200   211814399   104857600   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda3       211814400   316671999    52428800   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda4       316672000   419430399    51379200    5  Extended\n\/dev\/sda5       316674048   318771199     1048576   83  Linux\n\n\u547d\u4ee4(\u8f93\u5165 m \u83b7\u53d6\u5e2e\u52a9)\uff1aw\nThe partition table has been altered!\n\nCalling ioctl() to re-read partition table.\n\nWARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: \u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u5fd9. #\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u8b66\u4e86\nThe kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at\nthe next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)\n\u6b63\u5728\u540c\u6b65\u78c1\u76d8\u3002\n\n[root@centos7 ~]#\n\n#\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u6709sda5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\n[root@centos7 ~]#lsblk\nNAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsda      8:0    0  250G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part \/boot\n\u251c\u2500sda2   8:2    0  100G  0 part \/\n\u251c\u2500sda3   8:3    0   50G  0 part \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part\nsdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk\nsdc      8:32   0   10G  0 disk\nsr0     11:0    1  4.4G  0 rom\n[root@centos7 ~]#\n\n#\u867d\u7136\u770b\u4e0d\u5230sda5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5212\u5206\u6210\u529f\u4e86\nroot@centos7 ~]#fdisk \/dev\/sda -l\n\n\u78c1\u76d8 \/dev\/sda\uff1a268.4 GB, 268435456000 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c524288000 \u4e2a\u6247\u533a\nUnits = \u6247\u533a of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\n\u6247\u533a\u5927\u5c0f(\u903b\u8f91\/\u7269\u7406)\uff1a512 \u5b57\u8282 \/ 512 \u5b57\u8282\nI\/O \u5927\u5c0f(\u6700\u5c0f\/\u6700\u4f73)\uff1a512 \u5b57\u8282 \/ 512 \u5b57\u8282\n\u78c1\u76d8\u6807\u7b7e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1ados\n\u78c1\u76d8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff1a0x000bfad6\n\n   \u8bbe\u5907 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\n\/dev\/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda2         2099200   211814399   104857600   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda3       211814400   316671999    52428800   83  Linux\n\/dev\/sda4       316672000   419430399    51379200    5  Extended\n\/dev\/sda5       316674048   318771199     1048576   83  Linux\n[root@centos7 ~]#\n\n#\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0ccentos7\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0ccentos8\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\n[root@centos7 ~]#partprobe #\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\nWarning: \u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00 \/dev\/sr0 (\u53ea\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf)\u3002\/dev\/sr0 \u5df2\u6309\u7167\u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u3002\n[root@centos7 ~]#lsblk\nNAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsda      8:0    0  250G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part \/boot\n\u251c\u2500sda2   8:2    0  100G  0 part \/\n\u251c\u2500sda3   8:3    0   50G  0 part \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part\n\u2514\u2500sda5   8:5    0    1G  0 part\nsdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk\nsdc      8:32   0   10G  0 disk\nsr0     11:0    1  4.4G  0 rom\n[root@centos7 ~]#\n#\u5df2\u7ecf\u751f\u6548\u4e86\n\n#Centos6\u540c\u6b65\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\n#\u5220\u9664\u5206\u533a\u540c\u6b65\uff1apartx -a --nr 6 \/dev\/sda #6\u662f\u5206\u533a\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u6216\u80056-7\n#\u589e\u52a0\u5206\u533a\u540c\u6b65\uff1apartx -a \/dev\/sda<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    6.\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    #\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u533a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\n[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk -f\nNAME   FSTYPE  LABEL                      UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT\nsda\n\u251c\u2500sda1 xfs                                ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2 xfs                                933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda3 swap                               98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 [SWAP]\n\u251c\u2500sda4\n\u251c\u2500sda5 ext4                               8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot\n\u2514\u2500sda6\nsdb\n\u251c\u2500sdb1\n\u251c\u2500sdb2\n\u2514\u2500sdb5\nsdc\n\u2514\u2500sdc1\nsr0    iso9660 CentOS 7 x86_64            2020-11-02-15-15-23-00\nsr1    iso9660 CentOS-8-5-2111-x86_64-dvd 2021-11-13-01-04-26-00\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u67e5\u770b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\n[root@centos8 ~]#ls \/lib\/modules\/`uname -r`\/kernel\/fs\nbinfmt_misc.ko.xz  cachefiles  ceph  cifs  cramfs  dlm  ext4  fat  fscache  fuse  gfs2  isofs  jbd2  lockd  mbcache.ko.xz  nfs  nfs_common  nfsd  nls  overlayfs  pstore  squashfs  udf  xfs\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n[root@centos8 ~]#mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/sdb1\nmke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)\nCreating filesystem with 524288 4k blocks and 131072 inodes\nFilesystem UUID: 2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3\nSuperblock backups stored on blocks:\n    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912\n\nAllocating group tables: done\nWriting inode tables: done\nCreating journal (16384 blocks): done\nWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done\n\n[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk  -f\nNAME   FSTYPE  LABEL                      UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT\nsda\n\u251c\u2500sda1 xfs                                ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2 xfs                                933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda3 swap                               98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 [SWAP]\n\u251c\u2500sda4\n\u251c\u2500sda5 ext4                               8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot\n\u2514\u2500sda6\nsdb\n\u251c\u2500sdb1 ext4                               2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3\n\u251c\u2500sdb2\n\u2514\u2500sdb5\nsdc\n\u2514\u2500sdc1\nsr0    iso9660 CentOS 7 x86_64            2020-11-02-15-15-23-00\nsr1    iso9660 CentOS-8-5-2111-x86_64-dvd 2021-11-13-01-04-26-00\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u67e5\u770buuid\n[root@centos8 ~]#blkid\n\/dev\/sdc1: PARTLABEL=\"Linux filesystem\" PARTUUID=\"c124261d-b1fd-41bf-94c5-0c6d1b87504a\"\n\/dev\/sda1: UUID=\"ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996\" BLOCK_SIZE=\"512\" TYPE=\"xfs\" PARTUUID=\"64f77bbe-01\"\n\/dev\/sda2: UUID=\"933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08\" BLOCK_SIZE=\"512\" TYPE=\"xfs\" PARTUUID=\"64f77bbe-02\"\n\/dev\/sda3: UUID=\"98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7\" TYPE=\"swap\" PARTUUID=\"64f77bbe-03\"\n\/dev\/sda5: UUID=\"8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0\" BLOCK_SIZE=\"4096\" TYPE=\"ext4\" PARTUUID=\"64f77bbe-05\"\n\/dev\/sda6: PARTUUID=\"64f77bbe-06\"\n\/dev\/sdb1: UUID=\"2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3\" BLOCK_SIZE=\"4096\" TYPE=\"ext4\" PARTUUID=\"da250a9c-01\"\n\/dev\/sdb5: PARTUUID=\"da250a9c-05\"\n\/dev\/sr0: BLOCK_SIZE=\"2048\" UUID=\"2020-11-02-15-15-23-00\" LABEL=\"CentOS 7 x86_64\" TYPE=\"iso9660\" PTUUID=\"6b8b4567\" PTTYPE=\"dos\"\n\/dev\/sr1: BLOCK_SIZE=\"2048\" UUID=\"2021-11-13-01-04-26-00\" LABEL=\"CentOS-8-5-2111-x86_64-dvd\" TYPE=\"iso9660\" PTUUID=\"5fb10f71\" PTTYPE=\"dos\"\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u7ee7\u7eed\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528xfs\n[root@centos8 ~]#mkfs.xfs \/dev\/sdb2\nmkfs.xfs: \/dev\/sdb2 appears to contain a partition table (dos).\nmkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n#\u62a5\u9519\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\/dev\/sdb2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5bf9\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\n[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk\nNAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sda1   8:1    0  100G  0 part \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2   8:2    0   50G  0 part \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda3   8:3    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]\n\u251c\u2500sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part\n\u251c\u2500sda5   8:5    0    1G  0 part \/boot\n\u2514\u2500sda6   8:6    0    1M  0 part\nsdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sdb1   8:17   0    2G  0 part\n\u251c\u2500sdb2   8:18   0    1K  0 part #\u5927\u5c0f\u53ea\u67091k\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a\n\u2514\u2500sdb5   8:21   0    2G  0 part\nsdc      8:32   0   10G  0 disk\n\u2514\u2500sdc1   8:33   0    3G  0 part\nsr0     11:0    1  9.5G  0 rom\nsr1     11:1    1 10.1G  0 rom\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n[root@centos8 ~]#mkfs.xfs \/dev\/sdb5\nmeta-data=\/dev\/sdb5              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks\n         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1\n         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0\n         =                       reflink=1\ndata     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=524288, imaxpct=25\n         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks\nnaming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1\nlog      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2\n         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1\nrealtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0\n[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk -f\nNAME   FSTYPE  LABEL                      UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT\nsda\n\u251c\u2500sda1 xfs                                ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2 xfs                                933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda3 swap                               98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 [SWAP]\n\u251c\u2500sda4\n\u251c\u2500sda5 ext4                               8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot\n\u2514\u2500sda6\nsdb\n\u251c\u2500sdb1 ext4                               2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3\n\u251c\u2500sdb2\n\u2514\u2500sdb5 xfs                                ae3ec919-7b0d-49d9-958e-6994c6c2d3ca\nsdc\n\u2514\u2500sdc1\nsr0    iso9660 CentOS 7 x86_64            2020-11-02-15-15-23-00\nsr1    iso9660 CentOS-8-5-2111-x86_64-dvd 2021-11-13-01-04-26-00\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u4e0b\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770bext2\u3001ext3\u3001ext4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f53\u524d\u5206\u533a\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5757\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7279\u6027\u3002\nroot@centos8 ~]#dumpe2fs \/dev\/sdb1\ndumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)\nFilesystem volume name:   <none>\nLast mounted on:          <not available>\nFilesystem UUID:          2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3\nFilesystem magic number:  0xEF53\nFilesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)\nFilesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize metadata_csum\nFilesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash\nDefault mount options:    user_xattr acl\nFilesystem state:         clean\nErrors behavior:          Continue\nFilesystem OS type:       Linux\nInode count:              131072\nBlock count:              524288\nReserved block count:     26214\nFree blocks:              498132\nFree inodes:              131061\nFirst block:              0\nBlock size:               4096\nFragment size:            4096\nGroup descriptor size:    64\nReserved GDT blocks:      255\nBlocks per group:         32768\nFragments per group:      32768\nInodes per group:         8192\nInode blocks per group:   512\nFlex block group size:    16\nFilesystem created:       Sun Mar  5 13:17:59 2023\nLast mount time:          n\/a\nLast write time:          Sun Mar  5 13:17:59 2023\nMount count:              0\nMaximum mount count:      -1\nLast checked:             Sun Mar  5 13:17:59 2023\nCheck interval:           0 (<none>)\nLifetime writes:          1045 kB\nReserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)\nReserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)\nFirst inode:              11\nInode size:           256\nRequired extra isize:     32\nDesired extra isize:      32\nJournal inode:            8\nDefault directory hash:   half_md4\nDirectory Hash Seed:      68d605e3-35cc-4cf7-b4d2-8d01320ce2fc\nJournal backup:           inode blocks\nChecksum type:            crc32c\nChecksum:                 0xb431b3b9\nJournal features:         (none)\nJournal size:             64M\nJournal length:           16384\nJournal sequence:         0x00000001\nJournal start:            0\n\nGroup 0: (Blocks 0-32767) csum 0x19ce\n  Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-1\n  Reserved GDT blocks at 2-256\n  Block bitmap at 257 (+257), csum 0xa34592c3\n  Inode bitmap at 273 (+273), csum 0x4a068dfb\n  Inode table at 289-800 (+289)\n  24281 free blocks, 8181 free inodes, 2 directories, 8181 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 8487-32767\n  Free inodes: 12-8192\nGroup 1: (Blocks 32768-65535) csum 0x05af [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32769\n  Reserved GDT blocks at 32770-33024\n  Block bitmap at 258 (bg #0 + 258), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 274 (bg #0 + 274), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 801-1312 (bg #0 + 801)\n  32511 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 33025-65535\n  Free inodes: 8193-16384\nGroup 2: (Blocks 65536-98303) csum 0xfcb6 [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Block bitmap at 259 (bg #0 + 259), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 275 (bg #0 + 275), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 1313-1824 (bg #0 + 1313)\n  32768 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 65536-98303\n  Free inodes: 16385-24576\nGroup 3: (Blocks 98304-131071) csum 0x626c [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98305\n  Reserved GDT blocks at 98306-98560\n  Block bitmap at 260 (bg #0 + 260), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 276 (bg #0 + 276), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 1825-2336 (bg #0 + 1825)\n  32511 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 98561-131071\n  Free inodes: 24577-32768\nGroup 4: (Blocks 131072-163839) csum 0x235f [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Block bitmap at 261 (bg #0 + 261), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 277 (bg #0 + 277), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 2337-2848 (bg #0 + 2337)\n  32768 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 131072-163839\n  Free inodes: 32769-40960\nGroup 5: (Blocks 163840-196607) csum 0x90e1 [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163841\n  Reserved GDT blocks at 163842-164096\n  Block bitmap at 262 (bg #0 + 262), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 278 (bg #0 + 278), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 2849-3360 (bg #0 + 2849)\n  32511 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 164097-196607\n  Free inodes: 40961-49152\nGroup 6: (Blocks 196608-229375) csum 0x69f8 [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Block bitmap at 263 (bg #0 + 263), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 279 (bg #0 + 279), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 3361-3872 (bg #0 + 3361)\n  32768 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 196608-229375\n  Free inodes: 49153-57344\nGroup 7: (Blocks 229376-262143) csum 0xadea [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229377\n  Reserved GDT blocks at 229378-229632\n  Block bitmap at 264 (bg #0 + 264), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 280 (bg #0 + 280), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 3873-4384 (bg #0 + 3873)\n  32511 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 229633-262143\n  Free inodes: 57345-65536\nGroup 8: (Blocks 262144-294911) csum 0x5289 [INODE_UNINIT]\n  Block bitmap at 265 (bg #0 + 265), csum 0xe0342d43\n  Inode bitmap at 281 (bg #0 + 281), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 4385-4896 (bg #0 + 4385)\n  16384 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 278528-294911\n  Free inodes: 65537-73728\nGroup 9: (Blocks 294912-327679) csum 0x59c2 [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Backup superblock at 294912, Group descriptors at 294913-294913\n  Reserved GDT blocks at 294914-295168\n  Block bitmap at 266 (bg #0 + 266), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 282 (bg #0 + 282), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 4897-5408 (bg #0 + 4897)\n  32511 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 295169-327679\n  Free inodes: 73729-81920\nGroup 10: (Blocks 327680-360447) csum 0xa0db [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Block bitmap at 267 (bg #0 + 267), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 283 (bg #0 + 283), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 5409-5920 (bg #0 + 5409)\n  32768 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 327680-360447\n  Free inodes: 81921-90112\nGroup 11: (Blocks 360448-393215) csum 0x0526 [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Block bitmap at 268 (bg #0 + 268), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 284 (bg #0 + 284), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 5921-6432 (bg #0 + 5921)\n  32768 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 360448-393215\n  Free inodes: 90113-98304\nGroup 12: (Blocks 393216-425983) csum 0x7f32 [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Block bitmap at 269 (bg #0 + 269), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 285 (bg #0 + 285), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 6433-6944 (bg #0 + 6433)\n  32768 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 393216-425983\n  Free inodes: 98305-106496\nGroup 13: (Blocks 425984-458751) csum 0xf7ab [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Block bitmap at 270 (bg #0 + 270), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 286 (bg #0 + 286), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 6945-7456 (bg #0 + 6945)\n  32768 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 425984-458751\n  Free inodes: 106497-114688\nGroup 14: (Blocks 458752-491519) csum 0x3595 [INODE_UNINIT, BLOCK_UNINIT]\n  Block bitmap at 271 (bg #0 + 271), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode bitmap at 287 (bg #0 + 287), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 7457-7968 (bg #0 + 7457)\n  32768 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 458752-491519\n  Free inodes: 114689-122880\nGroup 15: (Blocks 491520-524287) csum 0x86c1 [INODE_UNINIT]\n  Block bitmap at 272 (bg #0 + 272), csum 0x0fc34a5a\n  Inode bitmap at 288 (bg #0 + 288), csum 0x00000000\n  Inode table at 7969-8480 (bg #0 + 7969)\n  32768 free blocks, 8192 free inodes, 0 directories, 8192 unused inodes\n  Free blocks: 491520-524287\n  Free inodes: 122881-131072\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u67e5\u770bxfs\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\n[root@centos8 ~]#xfs_info \/dev\/sdb5\nmeta-data=\/dev\/sdb5              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks\n         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1\n         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0\n         =                       reflink=1\ndata     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=524288, imaxpct=25\n         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks\nnaming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1\nlog      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2\n         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1\nrealtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0\n[root@centos8 ~]#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    6.1\u4fee\u590d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    #\u4fee\u590d\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8fd8\u539f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u4e00sdb1\u4e3a\u4f8b\n[root@centos8 ~]#mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/\n[root@centos8 ~]#df -T\nFilesystem     Type     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs       devtmpfs    980332       0    980332   0% \/dev\ntmpfs          tmpfs       998404       0    998404   0% \/dev\/shm\ntmpfs          tmpfs       998404    8936    989468   1% \/run\ntmpfs          tmpfs       998404       0    998404   0% \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\n\/dev\/sda1      xfs      104806400 3847904 100958496   4% \/\n\/dev\/sda2      xfs       52403200 2035480  50367720   4% \/data\n\/dev\/sda5      ext4        999320  144364    786144  16% \/boot\ntmpfs          tmpfs       199680       0    199680   0% \/run\/user\/0\n\/dev\/sdb1      ext4       1998672    6144   1871288   1% \/mnt\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n[root@centos8 ~]#cp \/etc\/fstab \/mnt\/f1\n[root@centos8 ~]#ls \/mnt\/\nf1  lost+found\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u4f7f\u7528tune2fs\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u548cdump2fs\u4e00\u6837\u90fd\u662f\u67e5\u770bext\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u524d\u8005\u53ea\u67e5\u770b\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u67e5\u770bxfs\u7cfb\u5217\n[root@centos8 ~]#tune2fs \/dev\/sdb1 -l\ntune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)\nFilesystem volume name:   <none>\nLast mounted on:          \/mnt\nFilesystem UUID:          2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3\nFilesystem magic number:  0xEF53\nFilesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)\nFilesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize metadata_csum\nFilesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash\nDefault mount options:    user_xattr acl\nFilesystem state:         clean\nErrors behavior:          Continue\nFilesystem OS type:       Linux\nInode count:              131072\nBlock count:              524288\nReserved block count:     26214\nFree blocks:              498132\nFree inodes:              131061\nFirst block:              0\nBlock size:               4096\nFragment size:            4096\nGroup descriptor size:    64\nReserved GDT blocks:      255\nBlocks per group:         32768\nFragments per group:      32768\nInodes per group:         8192\nInode blocks per group:   512\nFlex block group size:    16\nFilesystem created:       Sun Mar  5 13:17:59 2023\nLast mount time:          Sun Mar  5 14:20:42 2023\nLast write time:          Sun Mar  5 14:20:42 2023\nMount count:              1\nMaximum mount count:      -1\nLast checked:             Sun Mar  5 13:17:59 2023\nCheck interval:           0 (<none>)\nLifetime writes:          1045 kB\nReserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)\nReserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)\nFirst inode:              11\nInode size:           256\nRequired extra isize:     32\nDesired extra isize:      32\nJournal inode:            8\nDefault directory hash:   half_md4\nDirectory Hash Seed:      68d605e3-35cc-4cf7-b4d2-8d01320ce2fc\nJournal backup:           inode blocks\nChecksum type:            crc32c\nChecksum:                 0x8fae1806\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u5c060\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\n[root@centos8 ~]#dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/sdb1 bs=1M count=1\n1+0 records in\n1+0 records out\n1048576 bytes (1.0 MB, 1.0 MiB) copied, 0.000684753 s, 1.5 GB\/s\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u65e0\u6cd5\u67e5\u770b\u4e86\n[root@centos8 ~]#tune2fs \/dev\/sdb1 -l\ntune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)\ntune2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open \/dev\/sdb1\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u4fee\u590d\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u53d6\u6d88\u6302\u8f7d\n[root@centos8 ~]#umount \/mnt\n[root@centos8 ~]#fsck \/dev\/sdb1 -y\nfsck from util-linux 2.32.1\ne2fsck 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)\next2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block\nfsck.ext2: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...\n\/dev\/sdb1 was not cleanly unmounted, check forced.\nResize inode not valid.  Recreate? yes\n\nPass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes\nPass 2: Checking directory structure\nPass 3: Checking directory connectivity\nPass 4: Checking reference counts\nPass 5: Checking group summary information\nBlock bitmap differences:  +(98304--98560) +(163840--164096) +(229376--229632) +(294912--295168)\nFix? yes\n\nFree blocks count wrong for group #0 (24280, counted=24281).\nFix? yes\n\nFree blocks count wrong for group #1 (32511, counted=32510).\nFix? yes\n\nFree inodes count wrong for group #0 (8181, counted=8180).\nFix? yes\n\nFree inodes count wrong (131061, counted=131060).\nFix? yes\n\nPadding at end of inode bitmap is not set. Fix? yes\n\n\/dev\/sdb1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****\n\/dev\/sdb1: 12\/131072 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 26157\/524288 blocks\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u518d\u6b21\u67e5\u770b\u4fee\u590d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u8fd8\u5728\n[root@centos8 ~]#mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/\n[root@centos8 ~]#ls \/mnt\/\nf1  lost+found\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    7.\u6302\u8f7d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
      \n
    1. \u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f7f\u7528mount<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u4e00\u4e2a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u4e00\u4e2a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6302\u8f7d\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u88ab\u9690\u85cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. \u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. \u901a\u5e38\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7a7a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
      [root@centos8 ~]#mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/\n#\/dev\/sdb1\u662f\u5206\u533a\u7684\u540d\u79f0\n#\/mnt\/ \u662f\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7a7a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\/mnt\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\n\n#\u53d6\u6d88\u6302\u8f7d\n[root@centos8 ~]#umount \/mnt\n\n#\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u8bfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662frw\u6743\u9650\n[root@centos8 ~]#mount\nsysfs on \/sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\nproc on \/proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\ndevtmpfs on \/dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=980332k,nr_inodes=245083,mode=755)\nsecurityfs on \/sys\/kernel\/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/dev\/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)\ndevpts on \/dev\/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)\ntmpfs on \/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755)\ntmpfs on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)\npstore on \/sys\/fs\/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\nbpf on \/sys\/fs\/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/rdma type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)\nnone on \/sys\/kernel\/tracing type tracefs (rw,relatime)\nconfigfs on \/sys\/kernel\/config type configfs (rw,relatime)\n\/dev\/sda1 on \/ type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota)\nsystemd-1 on \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=35,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=21285)\nhugetlbfs on \/dev\/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)\nmqueue on \/dev\/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)\ndebugfs on \/sys\/kernel\/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)\nfusectl on \/sys\/fs\/fuse\/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)\n\/dev\/sda2 on \/data type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota)\n\/dev\/sda5 on \/boot type ext4 (rw,relatime)\n\/etc\/auto.misc on \/misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=5,pgrp=897,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=31314)\n-hosts on \/net type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=11,pgrp=897,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=31361)\ntmpfs on \/run\/user\/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=199680k,mode=700)\n\/dev\/sdb1 on \/mnt type ext4 (rw,relatime) #\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u56e0\u4e3a\/dev\/sdb1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u4e86\/mnt\/\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u60f3\u8981\u91cd\u73b0\u6302\u8f7d\u66f4\u6539\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u53d6\u6d88\u4e4b\u524d\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u518d\u6267\u884cmount\n[root@centos8 ~]#mount -o ro \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/\nmount: \/mnt: \/dev\/sdb1 already mounted on \/mnt.\n[root@centos8 ~]\n[root@centos8 ~]#mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/\n#\/dev\/sdb1\u662f\u5206\u533a\u7684\u540d\u79f0\n#\/mnt\/ \u662f\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7a7a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\/mnt\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\n\n#\u53d6\u6d88\u6302\u8f7d\n[root@centos8 ~]#umount \/mnt\n\n#\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u8bfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662frw\u6743\u9650\n[root@centos8 ~]#mount\nsysfs on \/sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\nproc on \/proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\ndevtmpfs on \/dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=980332k,nr_inodes=245083,mode=755)\nsecurityfs on \/sys\/kernel\/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/dev\/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)\ndevpts on \/dev\/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)\ntmpfs on \/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755)\ntmpfs on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)\npstore on \/sys\/fs\/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\nbpf on \/sys\/fs\/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/rdma type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)\nnone on \/sys\/kernel\/tracing type tracefs (rw,relatime)\nconfigfs on \/sys\/kernel\/config type configfs (rw,relatime)\n\/dev\/sda1 on \/ type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota)\nsystemd-1 on \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=35,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=21285)\nhugetlbfs on \/dev\/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)\nmqueue on \/dev\/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)\ndebugfs on \/sys\/kernel\/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)\nfusectl on \/sys\/fs\/fuse\/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)\n\/dev\/sda2 on \/data type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota)\n\/dev\/sda5 on \/boot type ext4 (rw,relatime)\n\/etc\/auto.misc on \/misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=5,pgrp=897,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=31314)\n-hosts on \/net type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=11,pgrp=897,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=31361)\ntmpfs on \/run\/user\/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=199680k,mode=700)\n\/dev\/sdb1 on \/mnt type ext4 (rw,relatime) #\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u56e0\u4e3a\/dev\/sdb1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u4e86\/mnt\/\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u60f3\u8981\u91cd\u73b0\u6302\u8f7d\u66f4\u6539\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u53d6\u6d88\u4e4b\u524d\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u518d\u6267\u884cmount\n[root@centos8 ~]#mount -o ro \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/\nmount: \/mnt: \/dev\/sdb1 already mounted on \/mnt.\n[root@centos8 ~]\n[root@centos8 ~]#umount \/mnt\n[root@centos8 ~]#mount -o ro \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt #\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684ro\u662f\uff1aread-only\n[root@centos8 ~]#touch \/mnt\/a.txt\ntouch: cannot touch '\/mnt\/a.txt': Read-only file system #\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mount\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u53d8\u6210\u4e86ro\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n#\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cumount\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d6\u6d88\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\nroot@centos8 ~]#cd \/mnt\/\n[root@centos8 mnt]#umount \/mnt\numount: \/mnt: target is busy.\n[root@centos8 mnt]#\n#\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u8c01\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528fuser\n[root@centos8 mnt]#fuser -v \/mnt\/\n                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND\n\/mnt:                root     kernel mount \/mnt\n                     root       2032 ..c.. bash #\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u662froot\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\n[root@centos8 mnt]#\n#\u5f3a\u5236\u9000\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8e22\u51fa\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e86\n[root@centos8 mnt]#fuser -km \/mnt\n\/mnt:                 2032c\nConnection closing...Socket close.\n\nConnection closed by foreign host.\n\nDisconnected from remote host(10.0.0.100-CentOS8.5) at 19:11:34.\n\nType `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.\n[C:\\~]$\n\n#\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528remount\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5148umount\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518dmount,\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\n[root@centos8 mnt]#mount -o remount,rw \/mnt\n\n#\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u5426\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\n[root@centos8 ~]#findmnt \/data\nTARGET SOURCE    FSTYPE OPTIONS\n\/data  \/dev\/sda2 xfs    rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota\n[root@centos8 ~]#findmnt \/mnt\nTARGET SOURCE    FSTYPE OPTIONS\n\/mnt   \/dev\/sdb1 ext4   rw,relatime\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n#\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\n[root@centos8 ~]#cd \/mnt\/\n[root@centos8 mnt]#lsof \/mnt\/\nCOMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE\/OFF NODE NAME\nbash    3009 root  cwd    DIR   8,17     4096    2 \/mnt\nlsof    3049 root  cwd    DIR   8,17     4096    2 \/mnt\nlsof    3050 root  cwd    DIR   8,17     4096    2 \/mnt\n[root@centos8 mnt]#\n\n[root@centos8 ~]#umount \/mnt\n[root@centos8 ~]#mount -o ro \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt #\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684ro\u662f\uff1aread-only\n[root@centos8 ~]#touch \/mnt\/a.txt\ntouch: cannot touch '\/mnt\/a.txt': Read-only file system #\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mount\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u53d8\u6210\u4e86ro\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n#\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cumount\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d6\u6d88\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\nroot@centos8 ~]#cd \/mnt\/\n[root@centos8 mnt]#umount \/mnt\numount: \/mnt: target is busy.\n[root@centos8 mnt]#\n#\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u8c01\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528fuser\n[root@centos8 mnt]#fuser -v \/mnt\/\n                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND\n\/mnt:                root     kernel mount \/mnt\n                     root       2032 ..c.. bash #\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u662froot\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\n[root@centos8 mnt]#\n#\u5f3a\u5236\u9000\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8e22\u51fa\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e86\n[root@centos8 mnt]#fuser -km \/mnt\n\/mnt:                 2032c\nConnection closing...Socket close.\n\nConnection closed by foreign host.\n\nDisconnected from remote host(10.0.0.100-CentOS8.5) at 19:11:34.\n\nType `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.\n[C:\\~]$\n\n#\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528remount\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5148umount\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518dmount,\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\n[root@centos8 mnt]#mount -o remount,rw \/mnt\n\n#\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u5426\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\n[root@centos8 ~]#findmnt \/data\nTARGET SOURCE    FSTYPE OPTIONS\n\/data  \/dev\/sda2 xfs    rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota\n[root@centos8 ~]#findmnt \/mnt\nTARGET SOURCE    FSTYPE OPTIONS\n\/mnt   \/dev\/sdb1 ext4   rw,relatime\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n#\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\n[root@centos8 ~]#cd \/mnt\/\n[root@centos8 mnt]#lsof \/mnt\/\nCOMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE\/OFF NODE NAME\nbash    3009 root  cwd    DIR   8,17     4096    2 \/mnt\nlsof    3049 root  cwd    DIR   8,17     4096    2 \/mnt\nlsof    3050 root  cwd    DIR   8,17     4096    2 \/mnt\n[root@centos8 mnt]#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      7.1\u6c38\u4e45\u6302\u8f7d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      \u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mount\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u540e\uff0c\u6302\u8f7d\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u6c38\u4e45\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
      [root@centos8 mnt]#vim \/etc\/fstab\n#\n# \/etc\/fstab\n# Created by anaconda on Wed Apr 20 06:18:15 2022\n#\n# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '\/dev\/disk\/'.\n# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and\/or blkid(8) for more info.\n#\n# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd\n# units generated from this file.\n#\nUUID=ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/                       xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2\nUUID=933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data                   xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 none                    swap    defaults        0 0\nUUID=2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3 \/data\/mysql             ext4    defaults        0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • <file system><\/code>\uff1a\u5f85\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u6216UUID,\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528uuid(UUID\u4f7f\u7528blkid\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b)\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • <mount point><\/code>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • <type><\/code>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982ext4\u3001nfs\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • <options><\/code>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5982rw\uff08\u8bfb\u5199\uff09\u3001ro\uff08\u53ea\u8bfb\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • <dump><\/code>\uff1a\u5907\u4efd\u5de5\u5177dump\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • <pass><\/code>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u68c0\u67e5\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5c06\/dev\/sdb1\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684ext4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6c38\u4e45\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\/mnt\/mydisk\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \/dev\/sdb1    \/mnt\/mydisk    ext4    defaults    0    2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u8fd9\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u5c06\/dev\/sdb1\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684ext4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\/mnt\/mydisk\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6edump\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e3a0\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a2\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u540e\uff0c\/dev\/sdb1\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684ext4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\/mnt\/mydisk\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165man fstab<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5907\u4efd\u4e00\u4e0b\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        7.2\u5c06\u8bbe\u5907\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        #\u67e5\u770buuid\n[root@centos8 mnt]#blkid\n\/dev\/sda1: UUID=\"ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996\" BLOCK_SIZE=\"512\" TYPE=\"xfs\" PARTUUID=\"64f77bbe-01\"\n\/dev\/sda2: UUID=\"933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08\" BLOCK_SIZE=\"512\" TYPE=\"xfs\" PARTUUID=\"64f77bbe-02\"\n\/dev\/sda3: UUID=\"98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7\" TYPE=\"swap\" PARTUUID=\"64f77bbe-03\"\n\/dev\/sda5: UUID=\"8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0\" BLOCK_SIZE=\"4096\" TYPE=\"ext4\" PARTUUID=\"64f77bbe-05\"\n\/dev\/sr0: BLOCK_SIZE=\"2048\" UUID=\"2020-11-02-15-15-23-00\" LABEL=\"CentOS 7 x86_64\" TYPE=\"iso9660\" PTUUID=\"6b8b4567\" PTTYPE=\"dos\"\n\/dev\/sr1: BLOCK_SIZE=\"2048\" UUID=\"2021-11-13-01-04-26-00\" LABEL=\"CentOS-8-5-2111-x86_64-dvd\" TYPE=\"iso9660\" PTUUID=\"5fb10f71\" PTTYPE=\"dos\"\n\/dev\/sdb5: UUID=\"ae3ec919-7b0d-49d9-958e-6994c6c2d3ca\" BLOCK_SIZE=\"512\" TYPE=\"xfs\" PARTUUID=\"da250a9c-05\"\n\/dev\/sdc1: PARTLABEL=\"Linux filesystem\" PARTUUID=\"c124261d-b1fd-41bf-94c5-0c6d1b87504a\"\n\/dev\/sda6: PARTUUID=\"64f77bbe-06\"\n\/dev\/sdb1: UUID=\"2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3\" BLOCK_SIZE=\"4096\" TYPE=\"ext4\" PARTUUID=\"da250a9c-01\"\n[root@centos8 mnt]#\n[root@centos8 mnt]#mkdir \/data\/mysql\n\n#\u5c06\/dev\/sdb1\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\/data\/mysql\u4e2d\n[root@centos8 mnt]#vim \/etc\/fstab\n#\n# \/etc\/fstab\n# Created by anaconda on Wed Apr 20 06:18:15 2022\n#\n# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '\/dev\/disk\/'.\n# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and\/or blkid(8) for more info.\n#\n# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd\n# units generated from this file.\n#\nUUID=ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/                       xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2\nUUID=933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data                   xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 none                    swap    defaults        0 0\nUUID=2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3 \/data\/mysql             ext4    defaults        0 0\n\n#\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\n\n#\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6548\n[root@centos8 mnt]#mount -a\n[root@centos8 mnt]#lsblk\nNAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nsda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sda1   8:1    0  100G  0 part \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2   8:2    0   50G  0 part \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda3   8:3    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]\n\u251c\u2500sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part\n\u251c\u2500sda5   8:5    0    1G  0 part \/boot\n\u2514\u2500sda6   8:6    0    1M  0 part\nsdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sdb1   8:17   0    2G  0 part \/data\/mysql\n\u251c\u2500sdb2   8:18   0    1K  0 part\n\u2514\u2500sdb5   8:21   0    2G  0 part\nsdc      8:32   0   10G  0 disk\n\u2514\u2500sdc1   8:33   0    3G  0 part\nsr0     11:0    1  9.5G  0 rom\nsr1     11:1    1 10.1G  0 rom\n[root@centos8 mnt]#\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        8.swap\u5206\u533a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
        \u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cswap\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7d27\u5f20\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165swap\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u518d\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u4eceswap\u5206\u533a\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
        Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2dswap\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        $ swapon -s<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        [root@centos8 mnt]#free -h\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:          1.9Gi       219Mi       1.4Gi       8.0Mi       254Mi       1.5Gi\nSwap:         2.0Gi          0B       2.0Gi\n[root@centos8 mnt]#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u542f\u7528\u7684swap\u5206\u533a\u53ca\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u5206\u533a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        $ sudo mkswap \/dev\/sdb1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\/dev\/sdb1\u8bbe\u5907\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3aswap\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ef\u7528\u7684swap\u5206\u533a\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u5efaswap\u5206\u533a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u8be5\u5206\u533a\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u4e3a\u4e86\u542f\u7528\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684swap\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \/dev\/sdb1   swap   swap   defaults   0   0\n#\u6700\u597d\u5199\u6210uuid<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662fswap\u5206\u533a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5206\u533a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\"swap\"\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\"swap\"\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662fdump\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662ffsck\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6682\u65f6\u7981\u7528swap\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        $ sudo swapoff \/dev\/sdb1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\/dev\/sdb1\u5206\u533a\u4f5c\u4e3aswap\u5206\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6c38\u4e45\u7981\u7528\u8be5\u5206\u533a\u4f5c\u4e3aswap\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u6216\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        8.1\u5212\u5206swap\u5206\u533a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        [root@centos8 mnt]#lsblk -f\nNAME   FSTYPE  LABEL                      UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT\nsda\n\u251c\u2500sda1 xfs                                ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2 xfs                                933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda3 swap                               98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 [SWAP]\n\u251c\u2500sda4\n\u251c\u2500sda5 ext4                               8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot\n\u2514\u2500sda6\nsdb\n\u251c\u2500sdb1 ext4                               2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3 \/data\/mysql\n\u251c\u2500sdb2\n\u2514\u2500sdb5 xfs                                ae3ec919-7b0d-49d9-958e-6994c6c2d3ca\nsdc\n\u2514\u2500sdc1\nsr0    iso9660 CentOS 7 x86_64            2020-11-02-15-15-23-00\nsr1    iso9660 CentOS-8-5-2111-x86_64-dvd 2021-11-13-01-04-26-00\n#\u6ce8\u610f\u5728fdisk\u5206\u533a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u5c06swap\u5206\u533a\u7684id\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u4e3a82\n#fdisk -l\u6216\u8005\u5728fdisk \/dev\/sdb\u5206\u533a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8f93\u5165p\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230id\u662f\u591a\u5c11\n[root@centos8 mnt]#fdisk \/dev\/sdc\nCommand (m for help): t #\u8f93\u5165t\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539\u7c7b\u578b\nSelected partition 1\nHex code (type L to list all codes): L #\u8f93\u5165L\u67e5\u770b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\n\n 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix \/ old Lin bf  Solaris\n 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap \/ So c1  DRDOS\/sec (FAT-\n 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS\/sec (FAT-\n 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS\/2 hidden or  c6  DRDOS\/sec (FAT-\n 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx\n 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data\n 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP\/M \/ CTOS \/ .\n 7  HPFS\/NTFS\/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility\n 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt\n 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access\n a  OS\/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R\/O\n b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD\/OS          e4  SpeedStor\n c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP\/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi ea  Rufus alignment\n e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         eb  BeOS fs\n f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ee  GPT\n10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        ef  EFI (FAT-12\/16\/\n11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f0  Linux\/PA-RISC b\n12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f1  SpeedStor\n14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f4  SpeedStor\n16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS \/ HFS+      f2  DOS secondary\n17  Hidden HPFS\/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fb  VMware VMFS\n18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fc  VMware VMKCORE\n1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fd  Linux raid auto\n1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC\/IX           bc  Acronis FAT32 L fe  LANstep\n1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT\nHex code (type L to list all codes):82 #\u8f93\u516582\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u662fLinux swap\n\u7136\u540ew\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\n\n[root@centos8 mnt]#mkswap \/dev\/sdc1\nSetting up swapspace version 1, size = 3 GiB (3221221376 bytes)\nno label, UUID=515fb6d1-e7bd-4021-9863-5ca3d037e4d9\n[root@centos8 mnt]#lsblk -f\nNAME   FSTYPE  LABEL                      UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT\nsda\n\u251c\u2500sda1 xfs                                ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2 xfs                                933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data\n\u251c\u2500sda3 swap                               98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 [SWAP]\n\u251c\u2500sda4\n\u251c\u2500sda5 ext4                               8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot\n\u2514\u2500sda6\nsdb\n\u251c\u2500sdb1 ext4                               2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3 \/data\/mysql\n\u251c\u2500sdb2\n\u2514\u2500sdb5 xfs                                ae3ec919-7b0d-49d9-958e-6994c6c2d3ca\nsdc\n\u2514\u2500sdc1 swap                               515fb6d1-e7bd-4021-9863-5ca3d037e4d9\nsr0    iso9660 CentOS 7 x86_64            2020-11-02-15-15-23-00\nsr1    iso9660 CentOS-8-5-2111-x86_64-dvd 2021-11-13-01-04-26-00\n[root@centos8 mnt]#\n\n#\u5199\u5230\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\n[root@centos8 mnt]#vim \/etc\/fstab\nUUID=ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/                       xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2\nUUID=933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data                   xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 none                    swap    defaults        0 0\nUUID=2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3 \/data\/mysql             ext4    defaults        0 0\nUUID=515fb6d1-e7bd-4021-9863-5ca3d037e4d9 none                    swap    defaults        0 0\n\n#\u751f\u6548\n[root@centos8 mnt]#swapon -a\n[root@centos8 mnt]#free -h\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:          1.9Gi       221Mi       1.4Gi       8.0Mi       255Mi       1.5Gi\nSwap:         5.0Gi          0B       5.0Gi\n[root@centos8 mnt]#swapon -s\nFilename                Type        Size    Used    Priority\n\/dev\/sda3                               partition   2097148 0   -2\n\/dev\/sdc1                               partition   3145724 0   -3\n[root@centos8 mnt]#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        8.2\u66f4\u6539swap\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        [root@centos8 mnt]#swapon -s\nFilename                Type        Size    Used    Priority\n\/dev\/sda3                               partition   2097148 0   -2\n\/dev\/sdc1                               partition   3145724 0   -3\n[root@centos8 mnt]#\n#\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2aswap\u5206\u533a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053sdc\u662f\u6700\u5916\u9762\u7684\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528sdc\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u5728\u4f7f\u7528sdb\n#\u5199\u5230\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\n[root@centos8 mnt]#vim \/etc\/fstab\nUUID=ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/                       xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2\nUUID=933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data                   xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 none                    swap    defaults        0 0\nUUID=2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3 \/data\/mysql             ext4    defaults        0 0\nUUID=515fb6d1-e7bd-4021-9863-5ca3d037e4d9 none                    swap    defaults,pri=55        0 0 #\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u6389defaults\u4e5f\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5199pri=55\n\n#\u5148\u505c\u6b62swap\uff0c\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\n[root@centos8 ~]#swapoff -a\n[root@centos8 ~]#swapon -a\n[root@centos8 ~]#swapon -s\nFilename                Type        Size    Used    Priority\n\/dev\/sda3                               partition   2097148 0   -2\n\/dev\/sdc1                               partition   4194300 0   55 #\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5df2\u7ecf\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u5373\u53ef<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        8.3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
        \u6267\u884cdd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/null bs=8G count=1<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528dd<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\/dev\/zero\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\/dev\/null\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5730\u8bfb\u53d68GB\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece \/dev\/zero<\/code>\uff08\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9650\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u96f6\u6d41\uff09\u590d\u5236\u5230 \/dev\/null<\/code>\uff08\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6548\u679c\uff09\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7fswap\u7684used\u503c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
        [root@centos8 ~]#dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/null bs=9G count=1\ndd: memory exhausted by input buffer of size 9663676416 bytes (9.0 GiB)\n[root@centos8 ~]#free -h\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:          2.9Gi       259Mi       1.5Gi       8.0Mi       1.1Gi       2.4Gi\nSwap:         6.0Gi          0B       6.0Gi\n[root@centos8 ~]#dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/null bs=8G count=1\n^[[A0+1 records in\n0+1 records out\n2147479552 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 22.1131 s, 97.1 MB\/s\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n#\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528free -h\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u53d8\u5316swap\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u5728CentOS 8\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5 stress<\/code> \u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        [root@centos8 ~]#dnf install stress\n#\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a\nsudo stress --vm 1 --vm-bytes 8G --timeout 30s\n#\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c--vm \u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u8981\u751f\u6210\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c--vm-bytes \u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c--timeout \u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u65f6\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u572830\u79d2\u5185\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5360\u75282GB\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u671f\u95f4\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u5373\u53ef\u3002\n#\u4f7f\u7528free -h\u53d1\u73b0swap\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u5728\u53d8\u5316\n[root@centos8 ~]#free -h\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:          2.9Gi       2.8Gi        82Mi       0.0Ki        50Mi        24Mi\nSwap:         6.0Gi       4.5Gi       1.5Gi\n[root@centos8 ~]#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        8.4\u7981\u7528swap<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
        \u5728\u540e\u9762\u4f7f\u7528kubernetes\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7981\u7528swap<\/code>\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u7981\u7528swap\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
        #\u5c06\/etc\/fstab\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5173swap\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u7684\u4e24\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\n[root@centos8 mnt]#vim \/etc\/fstab\nUUID=ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/                       xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2\nUUID=933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data                   xfs     defaults        0 0\n#UUID=98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 none                    swap    defaults        0 0\nUUID=2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3 \/data\/mysql             ext4    defaults        0 0\n#UUID=515fb6d1-e7bd-4021-9863-5ca3d037e4d9 none                    swap    defaults,pri=55        0 0\n\n#\u7981\u7528swap\u5206\u533a\n[root@centos8 ~]#swapoff -a\n[root@centos8 ~]#swapon -s\n[root@centos8 ~]#free -h\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:          2.9Gi       218Mi       2.6Gi       8.0Mi        93Mi       2.5Gi\nSwap:            0B          0B          0B\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u5982\u679c\u673a\u5668\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u672c\n[root@centos8 ~]#sed -i.bak '\/swap\/d' \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        8.5\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5145\u5f53swap<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        #\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002\n[root@centos8 ~]#fallocate -l 6G \/swapfile\n[root@centos8 ~]#ll -h \/swapfile\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.0G Mar  6 13:53 \/swapfile\n#\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u5145\u5f53swap\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u4ee5\u540e\u662f\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\n[root@centos8 ~]#chmod 0 \/swapfile\n[root@centos8 ~]#ll \/swapfile\n---------- 1 root root 6442450944 Mar  6 13:53 \/swapfile\n\n#\u521b\u5efa\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\n[root@centos8 ~]#mkswap \/swapfile\nSetting up swapspace version 1, size = 6 GiB (6442446848 bytes)\nno label, UUID=2d1c8d11-548f-44e0-8a49-9f1f1d8c6039\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n[root@centos8 ~]#blkid \/swapfile\n\/swapfile: UUID=\"2d1c8d11-548f-44e0-8a49-9f1f1d8c6039\" TYPE=\"swap\"\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\u6c38\u4e45\u6302\u8f7d\n#UUID\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u8bb2\u7684\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199uuid\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\/swapfile\n[root@centos8 mnt]#vim \/etc\/fstab\nUUID=ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/                       xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2\nUUID=933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data                   xfs     defaults        0 0\n#UUID=98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 none                    swap    defaults        0 0\nUUID=2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3 \/data\/mysql             ext4    defaults        0 0\n#UUID=515fb6d1-e7bd-4021-9863-5ca3d037e4d9 none                    swap    defaults,pri=55        0 0\n\/swapfile                                  none                   swap     defaults        0 0\n\n#\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u751f\u6548\n[root@centos8 ~]#swapon -a\n[root@centos8 ~]#free -h\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:          2.9Gi       226Mi       2.5Gi       8.0Mi       159Mi       2.5Gi\nSwap:         6.0Gi          0B       6.0Gi\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n[root@centos8 ~]#swapon -s\nFilename                Type        Size    Used    Priority\n\/swapfile                               file        6291452 0   -2\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n#\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u5206\u533a\u6ee1\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5145\u5f53\u7684swap\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u533a\n#\u7981\u7528\n[root@centos8 ~]#swapoff -a\n[root@centos8 ~]#mv \/swapfile \/data\n\n#\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\n[root@centos8 mnt]#vim \/etc\/fstab\nUUID=ad19dd45-b7ee-485c-87e6-3c9bb8ec3996 \/                       xfs     defaults        0 0\nUUID=8fbb4a9c-1506-4c4a-889d-b78163091bb0 \/boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2\nUUID=933c390a-5904-4b01-aa6a-447c771b7f08 \/data                   xfs     defaults        0 0\n#UUID=98f53a44-1fb7-4139-85c6-a3c2d1633cd7 none                    swap    defaults        0 0\nUUID=2d508d02-801c-411d-bbcb-471d18142dd3 \/data\/mysql             ext4    defaults        0 0\n#UUID=515fb6d1-e7bd-4021-9863-5ca3d037e4d9 none                    swap    defaults,pri=55        0 0\n\/data\/swapfile                                  none                   swap     defaults        0 0\n\n#\u518d\u6b21\u751f\u6548\n[root@centos8 ~]#swapon -a<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
        \u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf \u524d\u8a00\uff1aLinux\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u786c\u76d8\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a 1.\u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u533a(fdisk\u3001gdisk)  […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[27],"views":207,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=227"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":278,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227\/revisions\/278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}