{"id":357,"date":"2023-11-26T21:20:40","date_gmt":"2023-11-26T13:20:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/?p=357"},"modified":"2024-03-28T13:41:53","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T05:41:53","slug":"ip%e5%9c%b0%e5%9d%80%e5%88%86%e7%b1%bb%e5%8f%8a%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e5%92%8c%e5%a4%9a%e7%bd%91%e5%8d%a1%e7%bb%91%e5%ae%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/?p=357","title":{"rendered":"IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u7c7b\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u591a\u7f51\u5361\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u7c7b\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u591a\u7f51\u5361\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528<\/h1>\n

1\u3001IP\u5206\u7c7b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u7684IP\u6570\u91cf<\/h2>\n

1.1 IP\u5730\u5740\u7ec4\u6210<\/h3>\n

\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6 IP \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907 \uff0c\u6bcf\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u5916\u56f4\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

IP\u5730\u5740\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u7f51\u7edcID\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edcID\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4f4d<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u673a ID\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u5355\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u7531\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5404\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u4f4d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

IPv4\u5730\u5740\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8bb0\u6cd5<\/strong>
\nIP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a32\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff0c\u5982\uff1a10101100 00010000 10000000 00010001<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u53ef\u5c06\u6b6432\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7ec48\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570<\/th>\n10101100<\/th>\n00010000<\/th>\n10000000<\/th>\n00010001<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u6bcf\u7ec4\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u516b\u4f4d\u6570\uff08\u6216\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u5747\u53ef\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570<\/td>\n172<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n128<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8bb0\u6cd5\u8bb0\u5f55<\/td>\n172.<\/td>\n16.<\/td>\n128.<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

1.2 IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3>\n

\"img\" <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/th>\nA\u7c7b<\/th>\nB\u7c7b<\/th>\nC\u7c7b<\/th>\nD\u7c7b<\/th>\nE\u7c7b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a<\/td>\n0 0000000 - 0 1111111.X.Y.Z<\/td>\n10 000000 - 10 111111.X.Y.Z<\/td>\n110 00000 - 110 1 1111.X.Y.Z<\/td>\n1110 0000 - 1110 1111.X.Y.Z<\/td>\n\u4fdd\u7559\u672a\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u6cd5<\/td>\n0-127.X.Y.Z<\/td>\n128-191.X.Y.Z<\/td>\n192-223.X.Y.Z<\/td>\n224-239.X.Y.Z<\/td>\n240-255<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7f51\u7edcID<\/td>\n\u7f51\u7edcID\u4f4d\u662f\u6700\u9ad88\u4f4d<\/td>\n\u7f51\u7edcID\u4f4d\u662f\u6700\u9ad816\u4f4d<\/td>\n\u7f51\u7edcID\u4f4d\u662f\u6700\u9ad824\u4f4d<\/td>\n\u7ec4\uff08\u591a\uff09\u64ad<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e3b\u673aID<\/td>\n\u4e3b\u673aID\u662f24\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4f4d<\/td>\n\u4e3b\u673aID\u662f16\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4f4d<\/td>\n\u4e3b\u673aID\u662f8\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u6570<\/td>\n126=2^7(\u53ef\u53d8\u662f\u7684\u7f51\u7edcID\u4f4d\u6570)-2<\/td>\n2^14=16384<\/td>\n2^21=2097152<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6570<\/td>\n2^24-2=16777214<\/td>\n2^16-2=65534<\/td>\n2^8-2=254<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/td>\n255.0.0.0<\/td>\n255.255.0.0<\/td>\n255.255.255.0<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n10.0.0.0<\/td>\n172.16.0.0-172.31.0.0<\/td>\n192.168.0.0-192.168.255.0<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8303\u4f8b<\/td>\n114.114.114.114,1.1.1.1\uff0c58.87.87.99119.29.29.29<\/td>\n180.76.76.76\uff0c172.16.0.1<\/td>\n223.6.6.6<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

A\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u5360\u7528\u4e868\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793aA\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a7\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cA\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a2^7 - 2\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u51cf\u53bb\u76842\u4ee3\u8868\u51680\uff08\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548c\u51681\uff08\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cA\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u603b\u5171\u6709126\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n

B\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u5360\u7528\u4e8616\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u4e24\u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a10\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793aB\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a14\u4f4d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cB\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a2^14\u3002\u4e0eA\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cB\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u53bb2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aB\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u51680\u548c\u51681\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cB\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u603b\u5171\u670916,384\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n

C\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u5360\u7528\u4e8624\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u4e09\u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a110\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793aC\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a21\u4f4d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cC\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a2^21\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0cC\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u53bb2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aC\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u51680\u548c\u51681\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cC\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u603b\u5171\u67092,097,152\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0cA\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u51cf\u53bb2\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\u51680\u548c\u51681\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u800cB\u7c7b\u548cC\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u51680\u548c\u51681\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

1.3 \u516c\u5171\u548c\u79c1\u6709IP\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\n

\u79c1\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    A\u7c7b\uff1a10.0.0.0\u523010.255.255.255 \uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    B\u7c7b\uff1a172.16.0.0\u5230172.31.255.255 \uff0816\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    C\u7c7b\uff1a192.168.0.0\u5230192.168.255.255 \uff08256\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\uff09<\/p>\n

    \u516c\u5171IP\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u8bbe\u5907\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    A\u7c7b\uff1a1.0.0.0\u52309.255.255.255 11.0.0.0\u5230126.255.255.255<\/p>\n

    B\u7c7b\uff1a128.0.0.0\u5230172.15.255.255 172.32.0.0\u5230191.255.255.255<\/p>\n

    C\u7c7b\uff1a192.0.0.0\u5230192.167.255.255 192.169.0.0\u5230223.255.255.255<\/p>\n

    1.4 \u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • 0.0.0.0\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      • 255.255.255.255\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u9650\u5236\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5bf9\u672c\u673a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u6307\u672c\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185(\u540c\u4e00\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df)\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        • 127.0.0.1\uff5e127.255.255.254\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u672c\u673a\u56de\u73af\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0a\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u51fa\u73b0\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u201c127.0.0.1\u201d\u7684 \u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n
          • 224.0.0.0\u5230239.255.255.255\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c224.0.0.1\u7279\u6307\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c224.0.0.2\u7279\u6307\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002224.0.0.5\u6307OSPF \u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n
            • 169.254.x.x\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u5982\u679cWindows\u4e3b\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86DHCP\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4eceDHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u5206\u914d\u8fd9\u6837\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

              1.5 \u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\n

              \u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u662f\u51680\u6216\u51681<\/p>\n

              \u8303\u4f8b:<\/p>\n

              172.16.0.0 \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff1a172.16.0.0\u548c172.16.255.255<\/code><\/pre>\n
              1.6 \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/h3>\n
              CIDR\uff1a<\/strong>\u65e0\u7c7b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u6309A\uff0cB\uff0cC\u7c7b\u5212\u5206\u7f51\u6bb5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6307\u5b9a\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n
              CIDR \u65e0\u7c7b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong>IP\/\u7f51\u7edcID\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u5982\uff1a172.16.0.100\/16<\/p>\n
              netmask\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff1a<\/strong>32\u4f4d\u6216128\u4f4d\uff08IPv6\uff09\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u548cIP\u6210\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u786e\u8ba4IP\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edcID\u548c\u4e3b\u673aID\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7f51\u7edcID\u7684\u4f4d\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e3b\u673aID\u7684\u4f4d\u4e3a0\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u8303\u4f8b:255.255.255.0 \uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4e3a1\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u4f4e\u4f4d\u4e3a0<\/p>\n
              \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u516b\u4f4d<\/p>\n
              \"IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u7c7b\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u591a\u7f51\u5361\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528_\u591a\u7f51\u5361\u7ed1\u5b9a_02\" <\/p>\n
              \u76f8\u5173\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
                \n
              • \n
                \u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\uff1d2^\u4e3b\u673aID\u4f4d\u6570-2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                \u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u6bb5\uff09\u6570=2^\u7f51\u7edcID\u4e2d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u4f4d\u6570<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                \u7f51\u7edcID=IP\u4e0enetmask<\/p>\n
                \u8303\u4f8b:<\/p>\n
                netmask: 255.255.224.0\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u7edcID\u4f4d\u662f19\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3b\u673aID\u4f4d\u662f13\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u6570=2^13-2=8190<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u5426\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5<\/strong><\/p>\n
                \u7528\u81ea\u5df2\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u5206\u522b\u548c\u81ea\u5df2\u7684IP\u53ca\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684IP\u76f8\u4e0e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u5219\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a\u5224\u65adA\u548cB\u662f\u5426\u5728\u7f51\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5<\/p>\n
                A: 192.168.1.100 netmask:255.255.255.0\nB: 192.168.2.100 netmask:255.255.0.0\n\n1\uff09\u7528A\u4e3b\u673a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u5206\u522b\u4e0eA\u53caB\u7684IP\u4e0e\nA\u4e3b\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u574011000000.10101000.00000001.01100100\u4e0e\nA\u4e3b\u673a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u780111111111.11111111.11111111.00000000\u5f97\n           11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000\u5373\n192.168.1.0\n\nB\u4e3b\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u574011000000.10101000.00000010.01100100\u4e0e\nA\u4e3b\u673a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u780111111111.11111111.11111111.00000000\u5f97\n           11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000\u5373\n192.168.2.0\n\n192.168.1.0<>192.168.2.0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5A\u548cB\u4e0d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u6bb5\n\n2\uff09\u7528B\u4e3b\u673a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u5206\u522b\u4e0eA\u53caB\u7684IP\u4e0e\nA\u4e3b\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u574011000000.10101000.00000001.01100100\u4e0e\nB\u4e3b\u673a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u780111111111.11111111.00000000.00000000\u5f97\n           11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000\u5373\n192.168.0.0\n\nB\u4e3b\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u574011000000.10101000.00000010.01100100\u4e0e\nB\u4e3b\u673a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u780111111111.11111111.00000000.00000000\u5f97\n           11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000\u5373\n192.168.0.0\n\n192.168.0.0<>192.168.0.0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5A\u548cB\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u6bb5\n\n\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0cA\u548cB\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edcID\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u6570<\/p>\n
                1\uff09\u4e3b\u673aIP\uff1a172.16.1.100\/28\n#\u6b64\u4e3b\u673a\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5\u6700\u591a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e3b\u673a?\n    #\u4e3b\u673a\u6570=2^\u4e3b\u673aID\u4f4d\u6570-2\uff0c\u53732^(32-28)-2=14\n#\u7f51\u7edcID? IP\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u76f8\u4e0e\uff0c172.16.1.96\n    #\u5373IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u90fd\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u540e\u76f8\u4e0e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    172.16.1.100\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u662f\uff1a10101100.00010000.00000001.01100100\n     28\u4f4d\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u662f: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000\n     \u76f8\u4e0e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a             10101100.00010000.00000001.01100000\n     \u5373\uff1a                      172.16.1.96\n\n#\u6b64\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684IP\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u662f0001\uff0c\u5373172.16.1.0110 0001\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u662f\uff1a172.16.1.97\n#\u6b64\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684IP\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u662f1110\uff0c\u5373172.16.1.0110 1110\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u662f\uff1a172.16.1.110\n\n2\uff09\u4e3b\u673aIP\uff1a203.110.228.200\/26\n#\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\uff1a2^(32-26)-2=62\n#\u7f51\u7edcID\uff1a\u56e026=24+2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u524d3\u4f4d\u4e0d\u53d8203.110.228\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d11001000\u548c\u63a9\u780111000000\u76f8\u4e0e\uff0c\u537311000000=192\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7f51\u7edcID\u5c31\u662f203.110.228.192\n\n#\u6b64\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684IP\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u662f00 0001\uff0c\u5373203.110.228.1100 0001\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u662f\uff1a203.110.228.193\n#\u6b64\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684IP\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u662f00 1110\uff0c\u5373203.110.228.1111 1110\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u662f\uff1a203.110.228.254\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                1.7 \u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51<\/h3>\n
                \u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51\uff1a\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u591a\uff09\u5212\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u5c11\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aID\u4f4d\u6570\u53d8\u5c11\uff0c\u7f51\u7edcID\u4f4d\u6570\u53d8\u591a\uff0c\u7f51\u7edcID\u4f4d\u5411\u4e3b\u673aID\u4f4d\u501f\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                1\u3001\u628a10.0.0.0\/8\u7f51\u6bb5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a2\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\n#\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5411\u4e3b\u673aID\u501f\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f2\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u501f1\u4f4d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\n10.0    0000000.0.0\/8   10.0.0.1~10.255.255.254\n#\u7f51\u7edcID\u5411\u4e3b\u673aID\u501f1\u4f4d\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u4e862^1=2\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\n10.0    0000000.0.0\n10.1    0000000.0.0\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff1a10.0.0.0\/9    \u4e3b\u673a\u6570\uff1a2^23-2\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff1a10.128.0.0\/9  \u4e3b\u673a\u6570\uff1a2^23-2\n\n2\u3001\u628a10.0.0.0\/8\u7f51\u6bb5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a4\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\n#\u7f51\u7edcID\u9700\u5411\u4e3b\u673aID\u501f2\u4f4d\uff0c\u5212\u52062^2=4\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\n10.00   000000.0.0\n10.01   000000.0.0\n10.10   000000.0.0\n10.11   000000.0.0\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff1a10.0.0.0\/10     \u4e3b\u673a\u6570\uff1a2^22-2\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff1a10.64.0.0\/10    \u4e3b\u673a\u6570\uff1a\u90fd\u540c\u4e0a\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff1a10.128.0.0\/10\n\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff1a10.192.0.0\/10<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                \u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u52a810.0.0.0\/8 \u7ed932\u4e2a\u5404\u7701\u516c\u53f8\u5212\u5206\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\n1\uff09\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7701\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7684netmask\uff1f\n32\u4e2a\u5206\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u81f3\u5c1132\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a2^5=32\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u501f5\u4f4d\u4e3b\u673a\u7684ID\u3002\n\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u5c31\u662f8+5=13\n\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u5c31\u662f\uff1a11111111.11111000.0.0\u5373255.248.0.0\n\n2\uff09\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7701\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\n2^(32-13)-2=524286\n\n3\uff09\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u5f97\u5230\u7b2c10\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u7f51\u7edcID\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\n\u56e0\u4e3a10.00000 000.0.0\/13\u662f\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c10\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u5c31\u662f10.01001 000.0.0\/13\uff0c\n\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5c31\u662f10.72.0.0\/13\n\n4\uff09\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u5f97\u5230\u7b2c10\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6700\u5c0fIP\u548c\u6700\u5927\u7684IP\uff1f\n\u6700\u5c0fIP\u5730\u5740\uff1a10.01001 000.0.1\uff0c\u537310.72.0.1\n\u6700\u5927IP\u5730\u5740\uff1a10.01001 111.11111111.11111110\uff0c\u537310.79.255.254\n\n5\uff09\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u548c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7684netid\uff1f\n\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7f51\u7edcID\uff1a10.00000 000.0.0\/13\uff0c\u537310.0.0.0\/13\n\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edcID\uff1a10.11111 000.0.0\/13\uff0c\u537310.248.0.0\/13\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                \u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u52a810.0.0.0\/8 \u7ed932\u4e2a\u5404\u7701\u516c\u53f8\u5212\u5206\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u5f97\u5230\u7b2c10\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u518d\u7ed9\u7701\u5185\u768416\u4e2a\u5730\u5e02\u5212\u5206\u5b50\n\u7f51\u3002\n\n#\u7531\u4e0a\u4f8b\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7b2c10\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u7f51\u7edcID\u662f10.01001 000.0.0\/13\uff0c\u537310.72.0.0\/13\n#\u7701\u5185\u9700\u518d\u5212\u520616\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u5373\u518d\u4ece\u4e3b\u673aID\u501f4\u4f4d\uff0c\u90a3\u7f51\u7edcID\u5c31\u662f17\n1\uff09\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7684netmask\uff1f\n#\u7f51\u7edcID\u662f17\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u662f255.255.128.0\n\n2\uff09\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\n2^(32-17)-2=32766\n\n3\uff09\u5404\u5730\u5e02\u7684\u6700\u5c0fnetid\u548c\u6700\u5927\u7684netid\uff1f\n\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7f51\u7edcID\uff1a10.01001 000.0 0000000.0\uff0c\u537310.72.0.0\/17\n\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edcID\uff1a10.01001 111.1 0000000.0\uff0c\u537310.79.128.0\/17\n\n4\uff09\u6d1b\u9633\u5e02\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u6700\u5c0fIP\u548c\u6700\u5927IP\uff1f\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u662f10.01001 000.0 0000000.0\uff0c\u537310.72.0.0\/17\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u662f10.01001 000.1 0000000.0\uff0c\u537310.72.128.0\/17\n\u7b2c3~16\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u662f\uff1a\n10.73.0.0\/17\n10.73.128.0\n10.74.0.0\n10.74.128.0\n10.75.0.0\n10.75.128.0\n10.76.0.0\n10.76.128.0\n10.77.0.0\n10.77.128.0\n10.78.0.0\n10.78.128.0\n10.79.0.0\n10.79.128.0\n\n\u6d1b\u9633\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u6700\u5c0fIP\u548c\u6700\u5927IP\n\u6700\u5c0fIP\uff1a10.01001 000.1 0000000.00000001\uff0c\u537310.72.128.1\/17\n\u6700\u5927IP\uff1a10.01001 000.1 1111111.11111110\uff0c\u537310.72.255.254\/17\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                1.8 \u4f18\u5316IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n
                \u5408\u5e76\u8d85\u7f51\uff1a\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7f51\u7edc\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7f51\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aID\u4f4d\u5411\u7f51\u7edcID\u4f4d\u501f\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u8986\u76d6\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7f51\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u8303\u4f8b:<\/p>\n
                \u67098\u6761\u8def\u7531\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\n220.78.168.0\/24\n220.78.169.0\/24\n220.78.170.0\/24\n220.78.171.0\/24\n220.78.172.0\/24\n220.78.173.0\/24\n220.78.174.0\/24\n220.78.175.0\/24\n\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7f51\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aID\u5411\u7f51\u7edcID\u501f\u4f4d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\n220.78.10101 000.0\n220.78.10101 001.0\n220.78.10101 010.0\n220.78.10101 011.0\n202.78.10101 100.0\n202.78.10101 101.0\n202.78.10101 110.0\n202.78.10101 111.0\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230168~175\u7684\u524d5\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u501f5\u4f4d\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edcID\n\u7f51\u7edcID\uff1a202.78.10101 000.0\/21\uff0c\u5373202.78.168.0\/21<\/code><\/pre>\n
                2\u3001IP\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
                2.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
                \u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5:<\/p>\n
                  \n
                • \n
                  ifconfig\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  ip\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  system-config-network-tui\uff0csetup<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  \u6dfb\u52a0\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  \u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\uff1aDHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  2.2 ifconfig\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
                  \u6765\u81ea\u4e8enet-tools\u5305\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 ip \u4ee3\u66ff<\/p>\n
                  [root@repo-client ~]# rpm -qi net-tools\nName        : net-tools\nVersion     : 2.0\nRelease     : 0.25.20131004git.el7\nArchitecture: x86_64\nInstall Date: Sat 19 Dec 2020 08:05:53 PM CST\nGroup       : System Environment\/Base\nSize        : 938978\nLicense     : GPLv2+\nSignature   : RSA\/SHA256, Fri 23 Aug 2019 05:36:04 AM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5\nSource RPM  : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.src.rpm\nBuild Date  : Fri 09 Aug 2019 09:10:26 AM CST\nBuild Host  : x86-02.bsys.centos.org\nRelocations : (not relocatable)\nPackager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http:\/\/bugs.centos.org>\nVendor      : CentOS\nURL         : http:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/net-tools\/\nSummary     : Basic networking tools\nDescription :\nThe net-tools package contains basic networking tools,\nincluding ifconfig, netstat, route, and others.\nMost of them are obsolete. For replacement check iproute package.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  ifconfig [interface]\nifconfig -a\nifconfig IFACE [up|down]\nifconfig interface [aftype] options | address ...\nifconfig IFACE IP\/netmask [up]\nifconfig IFACE IP netmask NETMASK<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  [root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth0\neth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        inet 192.168.100.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255\n        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feca:8ca2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>\n        ether 00:0c:29:ca:8c:a2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n        RX packets 207  bytes 20062 (19.5 KiB)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 165  bytes 24380 (23.8 KiB)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig -a\neth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        inet 192.168.100.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255\n        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feca:8ca2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>\n        ether 00:0c:29:ca:8c:a2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n        RX packets 257  bytes 24070 (23.5 KiB)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 192  bytes 27358 (26.7 KiB)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n\neth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 59  bytes 9494 (9.2 KiB)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n\nlo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536\n        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0\n        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>\n        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)\n        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n\n#\u6dfb\u52a0ip\u5730\u5740\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1 172.16.0.11 netmask 255.255.0.0\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1\neth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        inet 172.16.0.11  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255\n        ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 59  bytes 9494 (9.2 KiB)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n#\u6e05\u9664eth1\u4e0a\u7684ip\u5730\u5740\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1\neth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 59  bytes 9494 (9.2 KiB)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n\n#\u7981\u7528eth1\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1 172.16.0.11\/16\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1\neth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500        ##UP\u72b6\u6001\n        inet 172.16.0.11  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255\n        ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 59  bytes 9494 (9.2 KiB)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1 down\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1             \neth1: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500           #\u7981\u7528\uff0c\u65e0UP\n        inet 172.16.0.11  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255\n        ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 59  bytes 9494 (9.2 KiB)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n#\u542f\u7528\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1 up\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1\neth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        inet 172.16.0.11  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255\n        ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 59  bytes 9494 (9.2 KiB)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n\n#\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u8bbe\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.0.11\/24\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1:1\neth1:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        inet 192.168.0.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255\n        ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1:aaa 192.168.0.111\/24    #\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig\neth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        inet 192.168.100.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255\n        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feca:8ca2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>\n        ether 00:0c:29:ca:8c:a2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n        RX packets 1054  bytes 90065 (87.9 KiB)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 649  bytes 73792 (72.0 KiB)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n\neth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        inet 172.16.0.11  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255\n        ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)\n        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0\n        TX packets 59  bytes 9494 (9.2 KiB)\n        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0\n\neth1:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        inet 192.168.0.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255\n        ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n\neth1:aaa: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n        inet 192.168.0.111  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255\n        ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1:aaa down\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth1:1 down\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  #\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig -s\nIface      MTU    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg\neth0             1500     1255      0      0 0           766      0      0      0 BMRU\neth1             1500        0      0      0 0            59      0      0      0 BMRU\nlo              65536        0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 LRU\n\n#\u76d1\u63a7\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u5361\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u6bcf\u79d2\uff09\n[root@repo-client ~]# watch -n1 ifconfig -s     \nIface      MTU    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg\neth0             1500     1331      0      0 0           818      0      0      0 BMRU\neth1             1500        0      0      0 0            59      0      0      0 BMRU\nlo              65536        0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 LRU\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  2.3 ip\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
                  \u6765\u81ea\u4e8eiproute\u5305\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ffifconfig<\/p>\n
                  2.3.1 \u914d\u7f6eLinux\u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n
                  ip\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
                  ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  ip \u547d\u4ee4\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  OBJECT := { link | addr | route }\nip link - network device configuration\nip link set [dev IFACE] [up|down]   #\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e ifup\/ifdown\nip link show [dev IFACE] [up]       #\u6307\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0cup\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u5904\u4e8e\u6fc0\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  ip \u5730\u5740\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  ip addr { add | del } IFADDR dev STRING [label LABEL] [scope {global|link|host}]\n[broadcast ADDRESS]\n[label LABEL]               #\u6dfb\u52a0\u5730\u5740\u65f6\u6307\u660e\u7f51\u5361\u522b\u540d\n[scope {global|link|host}]  #\u6307\u660e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0cglobal\u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u7528\uff1blink\u4ec5\u94fe\u63a5\u53ef\u7528\uff1bhost\u672c\u673a\u53ef\u7528\n[broadcast ADDRESS]         #\u6307\u660e\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\nip address show             #\u540c ip a\nip addr flush               #\u6e05\u9664\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  #\u7981\u7528\u7f51\u5361\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip link set eth1 down\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a |grep eth1\n3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000\n    inet 172.16.0.11\/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth1\n\n#\u7f51\u5361\u6539\u540d\u5e76\u542f\u7528\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip link set eth1 up\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip link set eth1 name wangnet     #\u7f51\u5361\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u540d\nRTNETLINK answers: Device or resource busy\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip link set eth1 down\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip link set eth1 name wangnet     #eth1 down\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u540d\u5b57\u4e86\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip link set eth1 up\nCannot find device "eth1"\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip link set wangnet up            #\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a |grep wangnet\n3: wangnet: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    inet 172.16.0.11\/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global wangnet\n\n#\u7f51\u5361\u522b\u540d\n#\u6dfb\u52a0\u7f51\u5361\u522b\u540d\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip addr add 172.16.100.100\/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a |grep eth0\n2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    inet 192.168.100.11\/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0\n    inet 172.16.100.100\/16 scope global eth0:0\n#\u5220\u9664\u7f51\u5361\u522b\u540d\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip addr del 172.16.100.100\/16\nNot enough information: "dev" argument is required.\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip addr del 172.16.100.100\/16 dev eth0\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a |grep eth0\n2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    inet 192.168.100.11\/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0\n[root@repo-client ~]#\n\n#\u6e05\u9664\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a|grep wangnet\n3: wangnet: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    inet 172.16.0.11\/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global wangnet\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a flush dev wangnet\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a|grep wangnet\n3: wangnet: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n[root@repo-client ~]#\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  ip route:<\/p>\n
                  \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  ip route { list | flush } SELECTOR\nip route { add | del | change | append | replace } ROUTE\n\nip route add TARGET via GW dev IFACE src SOURCE_IP\nTARGET:\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u7531\uff1aIP\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\uff1aNETWORK\/MASK\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  #\u6dfb\u52a0ip\u5730\u5740\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a a 172.16.0.11\/16 dev wangnet\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a\n1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000\n    link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\n    inet 127.0.0.1\/8 scope host lo\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n    inet6 ::1\/128 scope host\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:0c:29:ca:8c:a2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n    inet 192.168.100.11\/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n3: wangnet: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:50:56:22:6f:2a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n    inet 172.16.0.11\/16 scope global wangnet\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n#\u67e5\u770b\u8def\u7531\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route\ndefault via 192.168.100.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100\n172.16.0.0\/16 dev wangnet proto kernel scope link src 172.16.0.11\n192.168.100.0\/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.11 metric 100\n#\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7531\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route add default via 172.16.0.1 dev wangnet\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route\ndefault via 172.16.0.1 dev wangnet\ndefault via 192.168.100.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100\n172.16.0.0\/16 dev wangnet proto kernel scope link src 172.16.0.11\n192.168.100.0\/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.11 metric 100\n[root@repo-client ~]# route -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n0.0.0.0         172.16.0.1      0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 wangnet\n0.0.0.0         192.168.100.2   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0\n172.16.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 wangnet\n192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0\n#\u5220\u9664\u8def\u7531\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route del default via 172.16.0.1\n[root@repo-client ~]# route -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n0.0.0.0         192.168.100.2   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0\n172.16.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 wangnet\n192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route show\ndefault via 192.168.100.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100\n172.16.0.0\/16 dev wangnet proto kernel scope link src 172.16.0.11\n192.168.100.0\/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.11 metric 100\n\n#\u6e05\u7a7awangnet\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route flush dev wangnet\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route show\ndefault via 192.168.100.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100\n192.168.100.0\/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.11 metric 100\n[root@repo-client ~]#\n\n#\u6dfb\u52a0\u8def\u7531\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route add 1.1.1.0\/24 via 172.16.0.11 dev wangnet proto static metric 100\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route show\ndefault via 192.168.100.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100\n1.1.1.0\/24 via 172.16.0.11 dev wangnet proto static metric 100\n192.168.100.0\/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.11 metric 100\n[root@repo-client ~]# route -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n0.0.0.0         192.168.100.2   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0\n1.1.1.0         172.16.0.11     255.255.255.0   UG    100    0        0 wangnet\n192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route del 1.1.1.0\/24\n[root@repo-client ~]# route -n\nKernel IP routing table\nDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n0.0.0.0         192.168.100.2   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0\n192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip route show\ndefault via 192.168.100.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100\n192.168.100.0\/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.11 metric 100\n[root@repo-client ~]#\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  2.4 \u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n
                  2.4.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
                  IP\u3001MASK\u3001GW\u3001DNS\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-IFACE<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u8bf4\u660e\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  \/usr\/share\/doc\/initcripts-*\/sysconfig.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u5e38\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  \u8bbe\u7f6e<\/th>\n\u8bf4\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                  ***TYPE<\/td>\n\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u5e38\u89c1\u6709\u7684Ethernet, Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  ***NAME<\/td>\n\u6b64\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0cnmcli c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684name\u540d\u79f0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  ***DEVICE<\/td>\n\u8bbe\u5907\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  HWADDR<\/td>\n\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  UUID<\/td>\n\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u60df\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  ***BOOTPROTO<\/td>\n\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6b64\u8bbe\u5907\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684dhcp, static, none, bootp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  ***IPADDR<\/td>\n\u6307\u660eIP\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  ***NETMASK<\/td>\n\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801,\u5982:255.255.255.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  ***PREFIX<\/td>\n\u7f51\u7edcID\u7684\u4f4d\u6570, \u5982:24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  ***GATEWAY<\/td>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173,\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  ***DNS1<\/td>\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  DNS2<\/td>\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2aDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  DOMAIN<\/td>\n\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u57df\u540d\u540e\u7f00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  ***ONBOOT<\/td>\n\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6b64\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  USERCTL<\/td>\n\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u6b64\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  PEERDNS<\/td>\n\u5982\u679cBOOTPROTO\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u201cdhcp\u201d\uff0cYES\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8dhcp server\u5206\u914d\u7684
                  dns\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fe1\u606f\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\u81f3\/etc\/resolv.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cNO\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539resolv.conf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  NM_CONTROLLED<\/td>\nNM\u662fNetworkManager\u7684\u7b80\u5199\uff0c\u6b64\u7f51\u5361\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7NM\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
                  2.4.2 \u914d\u7f6e\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/h4>\n
                  #centos6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u524d\u7248\u672c\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network\nHOSTNAME=\n\n#centos7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u540e\u7248\u672c\n\/etc\/hostname\nHOSTNAME\n\nhostnamectl set-hostname centos7.magedu.com     #\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u5e76\u751f\u6548<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  2.4.3 \u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/h4>\n
                  \u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528DNS\u524d\u68c0\u67e5<\/p>\n
                  getent hosts        #\u67e5\u770b\/etc\/hosts \u5185\u5bb9\n[root@repo-client ~]# getent hosts\n127.0.0.1       localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4\n127.0.0.1       localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6\n192.168.100.12  repo-server\n172.16.100.11   moban\n172.16.100.21   lb01\n172.16.100.22   lb02\n172.16.100.31   web01\n172.16.100.32   web02\n172.16.100.33   web03\n172.16.100.41   db01 db01.etiantian.org\n172.16.100.51   backup\n172.16.100.61   nfs01\n172.16.100.10   m01\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  2.4.4 DNS\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n
                  \/etc\/resolv.conf\nnameserver DNS_SERVER_IP1\nnameserver DNS_SERVER_IP2\nnameserver DNS_SERVER_IP3\nsearch DOMAIN\n\n[root@repo-client ~]# cat \/etc\/resolv.conf\n# Generated by NetworkManager\nnameserver 192.168.100.2\n\n#Ubuntu18.04\u4ee5\u540e\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770bDNS    \n[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#systemd-resolve --status\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  2.4.5 \u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/hosts\u548cDNS\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/h4>\n
                  [root@repo-client ~]# cat \/etc\/nsswitch.conf |grep host\n#hosts:     db files nisplus nis dns\nhosts:      files dns myhostname<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  2.4.6 \u8def\u7531\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
                  \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/route-IFACE  #\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\n\n#\u4e24\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\uff1a\n1) TARGET via GW\n    10.0.0.0\/8 via 172.16.0.1\n2) \u6bcf\u4e09\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7e41\u7410\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\nADDRESS#=TARGET\nNETMASK#=mask\nGATEWAY#=GW<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  2.5 \u7f51\u5361\u522b\u540d<\/h3>\n
                  \u5c06\u591a\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aNIC\u4e0a<\/p>\n
                  \u6bcf\u4e2aIP\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a ethX:Y\uff0c\u5982\uff1aeth0:1 \u3001eth0:2\u3001eth0:3<\/p>\n
                  \u8303\u4f8b\uff1aifconfig\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
                  ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.1.100\/24 up\nifconfig eth0:0 down\n\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig|grep eth0\neth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 176.16.100.11\/16\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig|grep eth0\neth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\neth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 down\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig|grep eth0\neth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u8303\u4f8b\uff1aip \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
                  ip addr add 172.16.1.1\/16 dev eth0\nip addr add 172.16.1.2\/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0\nip addr del 172.16.1.2\/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0\nip addr flush dev eth0 label eth0:0\n\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip addr add 172.16.1.100\/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0\n[root@repo-client ~]# ifconfig|grep eth0\neth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\neth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a|grep eth0\n2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    inet 192.168.100.11\/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0\n    inet 172.16.1.100\/16 scope global eth0:0\n\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip addr del 172.16.1.100\/16\nNot enough information: "dev" argument is required.\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip addr del 172.16.1.100\/16 dev eth0\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip a|grep eth0\n2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    inet 192.168.100.11\/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0\n\n[root@repo-client ~]# ip addr flush dev eth0    #\u6e05\u9664eth0\u7684ip\u5730\u5740\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u6ce8\uff1aip\u548cifconfig\u90fd\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u522b\u540d\u751f\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aifcfg-ethX:xxx\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a\u914d\u7f6eeth0:1\u7f51\u5361\u522b\u540d\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u522b\u540d\u4e2d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n
                  #\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\n[root@repo-client ~]# cd \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/\n[root@repo-client network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0:1\nDEVICE=eth0:1\nIPADDR=172.16.100.11\nPREFIX=16\n[root@repo-client network-scripts]# ls\nifcfg-eth0   ifcfg-eth0:1\n#\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6548\n[root@repo-client network-scripts]# ip a|grep eth0\n2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    inet 192.168.100.11\/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0\n#\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7deth0\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u6548\n[root@repo-client network-scripts]# nmcli c reload\n[root@repo-client network-scripts]# nmcli c up eth0\nConnection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: \/org\/freedesktop\/NetworkManager\/ActiveConnection\/6)\n[root@repo-client network-scripts]# ip a|grep eth0\n2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    inet 192.168.100.11\/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0\n    inet 172.16.100.11\/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0:1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  • \u5efa\u8bae CentOS 6 \u5173\u95ed NetworkManager \u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n
                  • \u7f51\u5361\u522b\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u9759\u6001\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0bonding<\/h2>\n
                    3.1 \u591a\u7f51\u5361 bonding<\/h3>\n
                    Bonding\u51717\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a0-6 Mode<\/code><\/p>\n
                      \n
                    • Mode 0 (balance-rr)\uff1a \u8f6e\u8be2\uff08Round-robin\uff09\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aslave\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u9762\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u5bb9\u9519\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/li>\n
                    • Mode 1 (active-backup)\uff1a \u6d3b\u52a8-\u5907\u4efd\uff08\u4e3b\u5907\uff09\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aslave\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684slave\u63a5\u53e3\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5176\u4ed6slave.\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53d1\u751f\u6df7\u4e71\u6b64\u65f6\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • Mode 3 (broadcast)\uff1a\u5e7f\u64ad\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684slave\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u4f20\u9001\u6240\u6709\u7684\u62a5\u6587,\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      \u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n
                      active-backup\u3001balance-tlb \u548c balance-alb \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
                      \u5176\u4ed6\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6574\u5408\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u5982\uff1aCisco \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f 0\u30012 \u548c 3 \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 EtherChannel\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f4\u4e2d\u9700\u8981 LACP\u548c EtherChannel\u3002<\/p>\n
                      3.1.2 \u521b\u5efabonding\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
                      \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-bond0\nTYPE=bond\nDEVICE=bond0\nBOOTPROTO=none\nIPADDR=10.0.0.100\nPREFIX=8\n#miimon\u6307\u5b9a\u94fe\u8def\u76d1\u6d4b\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u3002\u5982\u679cmiimon=100\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bcf100ms \u76d1\u6d4b\u4e00\u6b21\u94fe\u8def\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\u8def\u4e0d\u901a\u5c31\u8f6c\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\u8def\nBONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u67e5\u770bbond0\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n
                      \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      3.2 \u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1abond mode=1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
                      1\u3001\u914d\u7f6ebond\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u5757\u7f51\u5361\n[root@centos8 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bond0 ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens37\nTYPE=bond\nDEVICE=bond0\nBOOTPROTO=none\nIPADDR=192.168.100.222\nPREFIX=24\nBONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100"\n\nDEVICE=ens33\nBOOTPROTO=none\nMASTER=bond0\nSLAVE=yes\nONBOOT=yes\n\nDEVICE=ens37\nBOOTPROTO=none\nMASTER=bond0\nSLAVE=yes\nONBOOT=yes\n[root@centos8 network-scripts]# reboot\n\n2\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\n[root@centos8 ~]# ip a\n1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000\n    link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\n    inet 127.0.0.1\/8 scope host lo\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n    inet6 ::1\/128 scope host\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:0c:29:f9:bb:44 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:0c:29:f9:bb:44 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n4: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:0c:29:f9:bb:44 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n    inet 192.168.100.222\/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute bond0\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef9:bb44\/64 scope link\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n[root@centos8 ~]# nmcli c\nNAME          UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\nBond bond0    ad33d8b0-1f7b-cab9-9447-ba07f855b143  bond      bond0\nSystem ens33  c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad  ethernet  ens33\nSystem ens37  4a5516a4-dfa4-24af-b1c4-e843e312e2fd  ethernet  ens37\n\n3\u3001\u67e5\u770bbond0\u72b6\u6001\n[root@centos8 ~]# cat \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0\nEthernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)\n\nBonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)\nPrimary Slave: None\nCurrently Active Slave: ens33       #\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528ens33\nMII Status: up\nMII Polling Interval (ms): 100\nUp Delay (ms): 0\nDown Delay (ms): 0\nPeer Notification Delay (ms): 0\n\nSlave Interface: ens33\nMII Status: up\nSpeed: 1000 Mbps\nDuplex: full\nLink Failure Count: 0\nPermanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f9:bb:44\nSlave queue ID: 0\n\nSlave Interface: ens37\nMII Status: up\nSpeed: 1000 Mbps\nDuplex: full\nLink Failure Count: 0\nPermanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f9:bb:4e\nSlave queue ID: 0\n\n#\u67e5\u770b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684mac\u5730\u5740\n[root@centos7 ~]# ping 192.168.100.222\nPING 192.168.100.222 (192.168.100.222) 56(84) bytes of data.\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.321 ms\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.610 ms\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.371 ms\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.454 ms\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.29 ms\n\n[root@centos7 ~]# arp -n\nAddress                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface\n192.168.100.222          ether   00:0c:29:f9:bb:44   C                     eth0\n\n4\u3001\u62d4\u6389ens33\u7f51\u7ebf\n[root@centos8 ~]# cat \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0\nEthernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)\n\nBonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)\nPrimary Slave: None\nCurrently Active Slave: ens37       #\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5757\u7f51\u5361\nMII Status: up\nMII Polling Interval (ms): 100\nUp Delay (ms): 0\nDown Delay (ms): 0\nPeer Notification Delay (ms): 0\n\nSlave Interface: ens33          #ens33\u7f51\u5361down\nMII Status: down\nSpeed: Unknown\nDuplex: Unknown\nLink Failure Count: 1\nPermanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f9:bb:44\nSlave queue ID: 0\n\nSlave Interface: ens37\nMII Status: up\nSpeed: 1000 Mbps\nDuplex: full\nLink Failure Count: 0\nPermanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f9:bb:4e\nSlave queue ID: 0\n\n#\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0cethtool\u547d\u4ee4\u6216mii-tool\u547d\u4ee4\n[root@centos8 ~]# ethtool ens33\nSettings for ens33:\n        Link detected: no\n[root@centos8 ~]# ethtool ens37\nSettings for ens37:\n        Link detected: yes\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1amode=3\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n
                      1\u3001\u4fee\u6539mode=3\uff0c\u5373broadcast\u5e7f\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f\n[root@centos8 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bond0\nTYPE=bond\nDEVICE=bond0\nBOOTPROTO=none\nIPADDR=192.168.100.222\nPREFIX=24\nBONDING_OPTS="mode=3 miimon=100"\n\n#\u67e5\u770bbond\n[root@centos8 ~]# cat \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0\nEthernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)\n\nBonding Mode: fault-tolerance (broadcast)\nMII Status: up\nMII Polling Interval (ms): 100\nUp Delay (ms): 0\nDown Delay (ms): 0\nPeer Notification Delay (ms): 0\n\nSlave Interface: ens33\nMII Status: up\nSpeed: 1000 Mbps\nDuplex: full\nLink Failure Count: 0\nPermanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f9:bb:44\nSlave queue ID: 0\n\nSlave Interface: ens37\nMII Status: up\nSpeed: 1000 Mbps\nDuplex: full\nLink Failure Count: 0\nPermanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f9:bb:4e\nSlave queue ID: 0\n[root@centos8 ~]#\n\n2\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0cDUP\uff0c\u4f1a\u6536\u52302\u4e2a\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u3002\u597d\u5904\u662f\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u3002\n\u8fd9\u4e24\u5757\u7f51\u5361\u540c\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\n[root@repo-client ~]# ping 192.168.100.222\nPING 192.168.100.222 (192.168.100.222) 56(84) bytes of data.\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.524 ms\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.637 ms (DUP!)\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.431 ms\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.447 ms (DUP!)\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.307 ms\n64 bytes from 192.168.100.222: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.324 ms (DUP!)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u5220\u9664bond0<\/p>\n
                      1\uff09\u5378\u8f7dbond0\nifconfig bond0 down\nrmmod bonding   #\u540cmodprobe -r bonding\n2\uff09\u5220\u9664ifcfg-bond0\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\n3\uff09\u6062\u590deth0\u548ceth1\u7b49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\n4\uff09\u91cd\u542f\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\ncentos6\uff1aservice network restart\ncentos7\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff1anmcli c reload\n            nmcli c up eth0 eth1<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528nmcli\u5b9e\u73b0bonding<\/h2>\n
                      4.1 nmcli\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
                      mcli\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5173\u672f\u8bed<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • \u8bbe\u5907\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3<\/li>\n
                      • \u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        \u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
                        nmcli [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }\n    device - show and manage network interfaces\n    nmcli device help\n    connection - start, stop, and manage network connections\n    nmcli connection help<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u4fee\u6539IP\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n
                        nmcli connection modify IFACE [+|-]setting.property value\n    setting.property: ipv4.addresses ipv4.gateway ipv4.dns1 ipv4.method manual |auto<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u751f\u6548<\/p>\n
                        nmcli con reload\nnmcli con up con-name<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        nmcli\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5e94ifcfg-*\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                        nmcli con mod<\/th>\nfcfg**-*** \u6587\u4ef6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                        ipv4.method manual<\/td>\nBOOTPROTO=none<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        ipv4.method auto<\/td>\nBOOTPROTO=dhcp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        ipv4.addresses 192.168.2.1\/24<\/td>\nIPADDR=192.168.2.1 PREFIX=24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        ipv4.gateway 172.16.0.200<\/td>\nGATEWAY=172.16.0.200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8<\/td>\nDNS0=8.8.8.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        ipv4.dns-search example.com<\/td>\nDOMAIN=example.com<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        ipv4.ignore-auto-dns true<\/td>\nPEERDNS=no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        connection.autoconnect yes<\/td>\nONBOOT=yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        connection.id eth0<\/td>\nNAME=eth0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        connection.interface-name eth0<\/td>\nDEVICE=eth0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                        802-3-ethernet.mac-address . . .<\/td>\nHWADDR= . . .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
                        \u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                        #\u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9\nnmcli con add help\n#\u4f7f\u7528nmcli\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\nnmcli con show\n#\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5\nnmcli con show --active\n\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli c show\nNAME   UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\nens33  a91ee66a-f9e5-49f3-9be2-ec3d509b0e69  ethernet  ens33\nens37  4a5516a4-dfa4-24af-b1c4-e843e312e2fd  ethernet  ens37\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli c down ens37    #down\u6389ens37\nConnection 'ens37' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: \/org\/freedesktop\/NetworkManager\/ActiveConnection\/2)\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli c\nNAME   UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\nens33  a91ee66a-f9e5-49f3-9be2-ec3d509b0e69  ethernet  ens33\nens37  4a5516a4-dfa4-24af-b1c4-e843e312e2fd  ethernet  --\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli c show --active     #\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7f51\u5361\nNAME   UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\nens33  a91ee66a-f9e5-49f3-9be2-ec3d509b0e69  ethernet  ens33\n\n#\u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\nnmcli con show eth0\n#\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u72b6\u6001\nnmcli dev status\n\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli dev\nDEVICE  TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION\nens33   ethernet  connected     ens33\nens37   ethernet  disconnected  --\nlo      loopback  unmanaged     --\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli dev status\nDEVICE  TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION\nens33   ethernet  connected     ens33\nens37   ethernet  disconnected  --\nlo      loopback  unmanaged     --\n\n#\u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c5e\u6027\nnmcli dev show eth0\n\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli dev show ens33\nGENERAL.DEVICE:                         ens33\nGENERAL.TYPE:                           ethernet\nGENERAL.HWADDR:                         00:0C:29:21:F8:76\nGENERAL.MTU:                            1500\nGENERAL.STATE:                          100 (connected)\nGENERAL.CONNECTION:                     ens33\nGENERAL.CON-PATH:                       \/org\/freedesktop\/NetworkManager\/ActiveConnection\/1\nWIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER:               on\nIP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         192.168.209.11\/24\nIP4.GATEWAY:                            192.168.209.2\nIP4.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = 192.168.209.0\/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100\nIP4.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = 0.0.0.0\/0, nh = 192.168.209.2, mt = 100\nIP4.DNS[1]:                             192.168.209.2\nIP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         fe80::9ed9:d4db:e410:64dd\/64\nIP6.GATEWAY:                            --\nIP6.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = fe80::\/64, nh = ::, mt = 100\nIP6.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = ff00::\/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255\n[root@centos7 ~]#\n\n#\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5default\uff0cIP\u81ea\u52a8\u901a\u8fc7dhcp\u83b7\u53d6\nnmcli con add con-name default type Ethernet ifname eth0\n#\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\nnmcli con del default\n\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli c del ens37\nConnection 'ens37' (4a5516a4-dfa4-24af-b1c4-e843e312e2fd) successfully deleted.\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli c\nNAME   UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\nens33  a91ee66a-f9e5-49f3-9be2-ec3d509b0e69  ethernet  ens33\n[root@centos7 ~]# ll \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-  \nifcfg-ens33  ifcfg-lo       ##ens37\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\n\n#\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5static \uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u9759\u6001IP\uff0c\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5\nnmcti con add con-name static ifname eth0 autoconnect no type Ethernet\nipv4.addresses 172.25.X.10\/24 ipv4.gateway 172.25.X.254\n#\u542f\u7528static\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\nnmcli con up static\n#\u542f\u7528default\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\nnmcli con up default\n#\u4fee\u6539\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e\nnmcli con mod \u201cstatic\u201d connection.autoconnect no\nnmcli con mod \u201cstatic\u201d ipv4.dns 172.25.X.254\nnmcli con mod \u201cstatic\u201d +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8\nnmcli con mod \u201cstatic\u201d -ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8\nnmcli con mod \u201cstatic\u201d ipv4.addresses \u201c172.16.X.10\/24 172.16.X.254\u201d\nnmcli con mod \u201cstatic\u201d +ipv4.addresses 10.10.10.10\/16\n#DNS\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/etc\/resolv.conf\uff0cPEERDNS=no \u8868\u793a\u5f53IP\u901a\u8fc7dhcp\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u65f6\uff0cdns\u4ecd\u662f\u624b\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\n\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4e0b\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\nnmcli con mod \u201csystem eth0\u201d ipv4.ignore-auto-dns yes<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        4.2 nmcli\u5b9e\u73b0bonding<\/h3>\n
                        \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
                        #\u6dfb\u52a0bonding\u63a5\u53e3\nnmcli con add type bond con-name mybond0 ifname bond0 mode active-backup\n#\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ece\u5c5e\u63a5\u53e3\nnmcli con add type bond-slave ifname ens7 master bond0\nnmcli con add type bond-slave ifname ens3 master bond0\n#\u6ce8\uff1a\u5982\u65e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u5c5e\u63a5\u53e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fde\u63a5\u540d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u540d\u79f0\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u6784\u6210\n#\u8981\u542f\u52a8\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u542f\u52a8\u4ece\u5c5e\u63a5\u53e3\nnmcli con up bond-slave-eth0\nnmcli con up bond-slave-eth1\n#\u542f\u52a8\u7ed1\u5b9a\nnmcli con up mybond0<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528nmcli\u5b9e\u73b0bonding<\/p>\n
                        #1\uff09\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e24\u5757\u7f51\u5361\u53ca\u539fip\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# ip a\n1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000\n    link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\n    inet 127.0.0.1\/8 scope host lo\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n    inet6 ::1\/128 scope host\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:0c:29:21:f8:76 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n    inet 192.168.209.11\/24 brd 192.168.209.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n    inet6 fe80::9ed9:d4db:e410:64dd\/64 scope link noprefixroute\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:0c:29:21:f8:80 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli c\nNAME   UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\nens33  a91ee66a-f9e5-49f3-9be2-ec3d509b0e69  ethernet  ens33\n\n#2\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0bond0\u63a5\u53e3\uff0cbond\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3amode1\uff08active-backup\uff09\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli con add type bond con-name mybond0 ifname bond0 mode active-backup\nConnection 'mybond0' (0240cad5-db79-4832-96f1-398cf3a9633c) successfully added.\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# ls ifcfg*\nifcfg-ens33  ifcfg-lo  ifcfg-mybond0\n\n#3\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0ens33\u548cens37\u4e3abond0\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u63a5\u53e3\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli con add type bond-slave ifname ens37 master bond0\nConnection 'bond-slave-ens37' (60e13f31-5f0d-45b5-93ac-18a1e24ec175) successfully added.\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli con add type bond-slave ifname ens33 master bond0\nConnection 'bond-slave-ens33' (069c01fc-d7cb-44a9-8ea7-5ae3a5e14d69) successfully added.\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli c\nNAME              UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\nmybond0           0240cad5-db79-4832-96f1-398cf3a9633c  bond      bond0\nens33             a91ee66a-f9e5-49f3-9be2-ec3d509b0e69  ethernet  ens33\nbond-slave-ens37  60e13f31-5f0d-45b5-93ac-18a1e24ec175  ethernet  ens37\nbond-slave-ens33  069c01fc-d7cb-44a9-8ea7-5ae3a5e14d69  ethernet  --\n\n#4\uff09\u542f\u7528\u4ece\u5c5e\u63a5\u53e3\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli con up bond-slave-ens33\nConnection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: \/org\/freedesktop\/NetworkManager\/ActiveConnection\/11)\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli con up bond-slave-ens37\nConnection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: \/org\/freedesktop\/NetworkManager\/ActiveConnection\/15)\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# ip a\n6: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:0c:29:21:f8:80 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n    inet6 fe80::6147:711:da31:1859\/64 scope link noprefixroute\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n\n#5\uff09bond0\u8bbe\u7f6eip\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli con mod mybond0 ipv4.addresses 192.168.209.12\/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.209.2 ipv4.dns 223.6.6.6 ipv4.method manual\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-mybond0\nBONDING_OPTS=mode=active-backup\nTYPE=Bond\nBONDING_MASTER=yes\nPROXY_METHOD=none\nBROWSER_ONLY=no\nBOOTPROTO=none\nDEFROUTE=yes\nIPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no\nIPV6INIT=yes\nIPV6_AUTOCONF=yes\nIPV6_DEFROUTE=yes\nIPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no\nIPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy\nNAME=mybond0\nUUID=0240cad5-db79-4832-96f1-398cf3a9633c\nDEVICE=bond0\nONBOOT=yes\nIPADDR=192.168.209.12\nPREFIX=24\nGATEWAY=192.168.209.2\nDNS1=223.6.6.6\n\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli c\nNAME              UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\nens33             a91ee66a-f9e5-49f3-9be2-ec3d509b0e69  ethernet  ens33\nmybond0           0240cad5-db79-4832-96f1-398cf3a9633c  bond      bond0\nbond-slave-ens37  60e13f31-5f0d-45b5-93ac-18a1e24ec175  ethernet  ens37\nbond-slave-ens33  069c01fc-d7cb-44a9-8ea7-5ae3a5e14d69  ethernet  --\n\n#6\uff09\u542f\u7528bond-slave-ens33\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664ens33\u63a5\u53e3\n[root@centos7 network-scripts]# nmcli c up bond-slave-ens33\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli c del ens33\n[root@centos7 ~]# nmcli c\nNAME              UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE\nmybond0           0240cad5-db79-4832-96f1-398cf3a9633c  bond      bond0\nbond-slave-ens33  069c01fc-d7cb-44a9-8ea7-5ae3a5e14d69  ethernet  ens33\nbond-slave-ens37  60e13f31-5f0d-45b5-93ac-18a1e24ec175  ethernet  ens37\n\n[root@centos7 ~]# reboot\n[root@centos7 ~]# ip a\n1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000\n    link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\n    inet 127.0.0.1\/8 scope host lo\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n    inet6 ::1\/128 scope host\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:0c:29:21:f8:76 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:0c:29:21:f8:76 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n4: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000\n    link\/ether 00:0c:29:21:f8:76 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n    inet 192.168.209.12\/24 brd 192.168.209.255 scope global noprefixroute bond0\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n    inet6 fe80::6147:711:da31:1859\/64 scope link noprefixroute\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n\n#7\uff09\u67e5\u770bbond0\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u9996\u9009\u662fens33\u7f51\u5361\uff0cens37\u5907\u7528\n[root@centos7 ~]# cat \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0\nEthernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)\n\nBonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)\nPrimary Slave: None\nCurrently Active Slave: ens33\nMII Status: up\nMII Polling Interval (ms): 100\nUp Delay (ms): 0\nDown Delay (ms): 0\n\nSlave Interface: ens33\nMII Status: up\nSpeed: 1000 Mbps\nDuplex: full\nLink Failure Count: 0\nPermanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:21:f8:76\nSlave queue ID: 0\n\nSlave Interface: ens37\nMII Status: up\nSpeed: 1000 Mbps\nDuplex: full\nLink Failure Count: 0\nPermanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:21:f8:80\nSlave queue ID: 0\n\n#8\uff09\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u65ad\u6389ens33\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5757\u7f51\u5361\nEthernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)\n\nBonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)\nPrimary Slave: None\nCurrently Active Slave: ens37       #\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5757\u7f51\u5361\nMII Status: up\nMII Polling Interval (ms): 100\nUp Delay (ms): 0\nDown Delay (ms): 0\nPeer Notification Delay (ms): 0\n\nSlave Interface: ens33          #ens33\u7f51\u5361down\nMII Status: down\nSpeed: Unknown\nDuplex: Unknown\nLink Failure Count: 1\nPermanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f9:bb:44\nSlave queue ID: 0\n\nSlave Interface: ens37\nMII Status: up\nSpeed: 1000 Mbps\nDuplex: full\nLink Failure Count: 0\nPermanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f9:bb:4e\nSlave queue ID: 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        5. \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e0e\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h2>\n
                        5.1 \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\uff08\u90470\u52190\uff0c\u51681\u4e3a1\uff09\uff1a<\/h3>\n
                        \u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u6570\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                        IP\u5730\u5740\uff1a  192.168.1.5   (11000000.10101000.00000001.00000101)<\/p>\n
                        \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff1a 255.255.255.0  (11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000)<\/p>\n
                        11000000.10101000.00000001.00000101<\/p>\n
                        11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000<\/p>\n
                        -----------------------------------<\/p>\n
                        11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000<\/p>\n
                        \u7ed3\u679c\u662f11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000\uff0c\u5373192.168.1.0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\uff08AND\uff09\u8fd0\u7b97\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u65f6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u627e\u5230\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5171\u540c\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u8be5\u4f4d\u4e3a1\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u8be5\u4f4d\u4e3a0\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6307\u793aIPv4\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f4d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f4d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f1\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f0\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86IP\u5730\u5740\u6240\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n
                        5.2 \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff1a<\/h3>\n
                        \u4e00\u4e2a8\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a8\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u524d4\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\uff0c\u540e\u56db\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u3002\u5148\u7528\u524d4\u4f4d\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u6c42\u51fa10\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e58\u4ee516^1,\u540e\u56db\u4f4d\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u6c42\u51fa10\u8fdb\u5236\u4e58\u4ee516^0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6c42\u548c\u3002\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n
                        \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a11001101\u8f6c\u621010\u8fdb\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n
                        1100    12*16^1=192<\/p>\n
                        1101    13*16^0=13<\/p>\n
                        192+13=205,\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u621010\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5c31\u662f205<\/p>\n
                        0000   0<\/p>\n
                        0001   1<\/p>\n
                        0010   2<\/p>\n
                        0011   3<\/p>\n
                        0100   4<\/p>\n
                        0101   5<\/p>\n
                        0110   6<\/p>\n
                        0111   7<\/p>\n
                        1000   8<\/p>\n
                        1001   9<\/p>\n
                        1010   10<\/p>\n
                        1011   11<\/p>\n
                        1100   12<\/p>\n
                        1101   13<\/p>\n
                        1110   14<\/p>\n
                        1111   15<\/p>\n
                        6.\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n
                        CIDR<\/h3>\n
                        CIDR\uff08\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\uff0cClassless Inter-Domain Routing\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793aIPv4\u548cIPv6\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u3002CIDR\u662f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f15\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u51cf\u8f7b\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002CIDR\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\uff08A\u3001B\u3001C\u7c7b\uff09\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
                        CIDR\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aIP\u5730\u5740\/\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aIPv4\u5730\u5740\u7684CIDR\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a192.168.1.0\/24\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c192.168.1.0\u662fIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c24\u662f\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u7f00\u5360\u7528\u4e8632\u4f4dIPv4\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u524d24\u4f4d\u3002\u5269\u4f59\u76848\u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u5bb9\u7eb32^8-2 = 254\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u51cf2\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\u51680\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548c\u51681\uff08\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                        CIDR\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5206\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0cA\u7c7b\u3001B\u7c7b\u548cC\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528CIDR\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5229\u7528IP\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
                        CIDR\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u8f7b\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u5b50\u7f51\u805a\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u805a\u5408\u6216\u8def\u7531\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5168\u7403\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u9879\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n
                        \u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684CIDR\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u662f203.101.123.163\/28\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d203.101.123.163\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aIPv4\u5730\u5740\uff0c28\u662f\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9010\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u6700\u5927IP\u548c\u6700\u5c0fIP\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff1a\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a28\u4f4d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u524d28\u4f4d\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5269\u4f594\u4f4d\u4e3a0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a255.255.255.240\u3002<\/p>\n
                        ip\u5730\u5740\u4e2a\u6570\uff1a2^4-2=14,\u8bf4\u660e\u670914\u4e2aip\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
                        \u6700\u5c0fIP\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff1a\u5c06IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u524d28\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\uff08AND\uff09\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c203.101.123.163\u548c255.255.255.240\u7684\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u662f203.101.123.160\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0fIP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u6700\u5927IP\uff08\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff1a\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u4f4d\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u5168\u90e8\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c06203.101.123.160\u7684\u540e4\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5f97\u5230203.101.123.175\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927IP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684CIDR\u8868\u793a\u6cd5203.101.123.163\/28\u4e2d\uff0c163\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684IPv4\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff08\u4ece203.101.123.161\u5230203.101.123.174\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff08203.101.123.160\uff09\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08203.101.123.175\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
                        ARP<\/h3>\n
                        ARP\uff08\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff08LAN\uff09\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u6620\u5c04IP\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff08\u4f8b\u5982MAC\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u6839\u636e\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u3002ARP\u534f\u8bae\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u5907\u6839\u636e\u5df2\u77e5\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
                        ARP\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n
                          \n
                        1. \u4e3b\u673aA\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673aB\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff08MAC\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
                        2. \u4e3b\u673aA\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5305\u542b\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u7684IP\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5373\u4e3b\u673aA\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5373\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
                        3. \u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u63a5\u6536\u5230ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u5907\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u673aB\u3002<\/li>\n
                        4. \u4e3b\u673aB\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2aARP\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5176IP\u5730\u5740\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673aA\u3002<\/li>\n
                        5. \u4e3b\u673aA\u63a5\u6536\u5230ARP\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u50a8\u5728ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aA\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673aB\u518d\u6b21\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884cARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          \u5728ARP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u53cd\u5411\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff08RARP\uff09\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740DHCP\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0cRARP\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002<\/p>\n
                          ARP\uff08Address Resolution Protocol\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff08\u5982\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff09\u5185\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff08IP\uff09\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff08\u5982 MAC\uff09\u5730\u5740\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cARP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                          \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff09\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff08MAC\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 ARP \u534f\u8bae\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                          ARP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n
                          1.\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u9996\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u5176 ARP \u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807 IP \u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002ARP \u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u77e5 IP \u5730\u5740\u548c MAC \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
                          2.\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u5728 ARP \u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 MAC \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a ARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5305\u542b\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 IP \u548c MAC \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807 MAC \u5730\u5740\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5168\u96f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u672a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n
                          3.\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u5c06 ARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5e7f\u64ad\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u88ab\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u63a5\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n
                          4.\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a ARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807 IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a ARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bfb\u627e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                          5.\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a ARP \u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 IP \u548c MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
                          6.\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u6536\u5230 ARP \u54cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u5176 ARP \u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u548c MAC \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u6765\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
                          \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cARP \u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u89e3\u6790 IP \u5730\u5740\u5230 MAC \u5730\u5740\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 ARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
                          RARP<\/h3>\n
                          RARP\uff08Reverse Address Resolution Protocol\uff0c\u53cd\u5411\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\uff08\u5373\u6ca1\u6709\u786c\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6IP\u5730\u5740\u3002RARP\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0eARP\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5982MAC\u5730\u5740\uff09\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                          RARP\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \n
                          1. \u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u83b7\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u624d\u80fd\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n
                          2. \u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aRARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5982MAC\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/li>\n
                          3. \u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u5728\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
                          4. \u5982\u679cRARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5339\u914d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aRARP\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u3002<\/li>\n
                          5. \u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u63a5\u6536\u5230RARP\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                            \u5c3d\u7ba1RARP\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u83b7\u53d6IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u7ef4\u62a4IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982DHCP\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0cRARP\u5df2\u7ecf\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002DHCP\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u5206\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
                            RARP\uff08Reverse Address Resolution Protocol\uff0c\u9006\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff08\u5982 MAC\uff09\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff08\u5982 IP\uff09\u5730\u5740\u3002RARP \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e ARP\uff08Address Resolution Protocol\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0cARP \u7528\u4e8e\u5c06 IP \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u5230 MAC \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c RARP \u5219\u662f\u5c06 MAC \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u5230 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                            RARP \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\uff0c\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982\u786c\u76d8\uff09\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5176 IP \u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5176 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002RARP \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a RARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5176 MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5176 IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 RARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u6e90 IP \u5730\u5740\u5b57\u6bb5\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 0.0.0.0\u3002<\/p>\n
                            RARP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e3a\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u5206\u914d IP \u5730\u5740\uff09\u6536\u5230 RARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\uff0c\u8be5\u8868\u5305\u542b MAC \u5730\u5740\u4e0e IP \u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5982\u679c RARP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d MAC \u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06 IP \u5730\u5740\u653e\u5165 RARP \u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u6536\u5230 RARP \u54cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u63d0\u53d6\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5c3d\u7ba1 RARP \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u95e8\u7684 RARP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0cRARP \u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5982 DHCP\uff08Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3002DHCP \u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u914d IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173\u548c DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
                            TTL<\/h3>\n
                            TTL\uff08Time to Live\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002TTL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5141\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8df3\u6570\uff08hops\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684TTL\u503c\u4f1a\u51cf1\u3002\u5f53TTL\u503c\u51cf\u81f30\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n
                            TTL\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u3002\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684TTL\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u8df3\u6570\u5185\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u6216\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n
                            TTL\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728IPv4\u4e2d\uff0cTTL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a8\u4f4d\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1b\u800c\u5728IPv6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0eTTL\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8df3\u9650\u5236\u201d\uff08Hop Limit\uff09<\/p>\n
                            TTL\u503c\uff08Time to Live\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002TTL\u503c128\u548c64\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684TTL\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
                            TTL\u503c128\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5fae\u8f6fWindows\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4eceWindows\u8bbe\u5907\u53d1\u9001\u65f6\uff0cTTL\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u4e3a128\u3002<\/p>\n
                            TTL\u503c64\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8eLinux\u548cUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001macOS\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u9001\u65f6\uff0cTTL\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u4e3a64\u3002<\/p>\n
                            ICMP<\/h3>\n
                            ICMP\uff08Internet Control Message Protocol\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u7b49\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u72b6\u51b5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002ICMP\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bca\u65ad\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5e38\u89c1\u7684ICMP\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u56de\u663e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u56de\u663e\u5e94\u7b54\uff08Echo Request & Echo Reply\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u901a\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201cping\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u663e\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u8fd4\u56de\u56de\u663e\u5e94\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\uff08Destination Unreachable\uff09\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u8d85\u65f6\uff08Time Exceeded\uff09\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\uff08TTL\uff09\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u4e22\u5f03\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u8d85\u65f6\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff08Redirect\uff09\uff1a\u5f53\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6d88\u606f\u901a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u66f4\u65b0\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
                            ICMP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f85\u52a9\u6027\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
                            OSI<\/h3>\n
                            OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u6307\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e92\u8fde\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n
                            \u7269\u7406\u5c42-\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42-\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42-\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42-\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42-\u8868\u793a\u5c42-\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/p>\n
                            OSI\uff08\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e92\u8054\uff09\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff08Physical Layer\uff09\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93\u6bd4\u7279\u6d41\uff080\u548c1\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u7535\u7f06\u3001\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff08Data Link Layer\uff09\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u6bd4\u7279\u6d41\u5206\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5e27\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ecMAC\u5730\u5740\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff08Network Layer\uff09\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8def\u7531\u548c\u5bfb\u5740\u3002\u5b83\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ecIP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982OSPF\u3001BGP\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff08Transport Layer\uff09\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5b83\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u6062\u590d\u3001\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u7ec4\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\u6709TCP\uff08\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u548cUDP\uff08\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\uff08Session Layer\uff09\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u65ad\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u8868\u793a\u5c42\uff08Presentation Layer\uff09\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff08Application Layer\uff09\uff1a\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5982Web\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\u6709HTTP\u3001SMTP\u3001FTP\u7b49<\/p>\n
                            \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cOSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u786c\u4ef6\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u9010\u5c42\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
                            Gratuitous ARP<\/h3>\n
                            Gratuitous ARP\uff08\u65e0\u8bf7\u6c42 ARP\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684 ARP \u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002Gratuitous ARP \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            1.IP \u5730\u5740\u51b2\u7a81\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1a\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001 Gratuitous ARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cGratuitous ARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6e90 IP \u548c\u76ee\u6807 IP \u5730\u5740\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u90fd\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u6e90 MAC \u5730\u5740\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728 IP \u5730\u5740\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n
                            2.\u66f4\u65b0 ARP \u7f13\u5b58\uff1a\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001 Gratuitous ARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u54cd\u5e94\u6765\u901a\u77e5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u66f4\u65b0\u5176 ARP \u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6536\u5230 Gratuitous ARP \u6d88\u606f\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u7684 IP \u548c MAC \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u5176 ARP \u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n
                            3.\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df IP \u5730\u5740\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u6216\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\uff0cGratuitous ARP \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5f53\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u65f6\uff0c\u5907\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001 Gratuitous ARP \u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u66f4\u65b0\u5176 ARP \u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u6ed1\u7684\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb<\/p>\n
                            \u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cGratuitous ARP \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 ARP\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e IP \u5730\u5740\u51b2\u7a81\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u66f4\u65b0 ARP \u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u53ca\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0e\u666e\u901a ARP \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cGratuitous ARP \u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                            UDP<\/h3>\n
                            UDP\uff08User Datagram Protocol\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cfTCP\u4e00\u6837\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u6062\u590d\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
                            UDP\u548cTCP\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1aUDP\u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u800cTCP\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3002TCP\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800cUDP\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff1aTCP\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u6062\u590d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u800cUDP\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u662fUDP\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4TCP\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u6d41\u63a7\u5236\uff1aTCP\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u548c\u62e5\u585e\u3002\u800cUDP\u6ca1\u6709\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u5ea6\u7531\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u81ea\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u6570\u636e\u5305\u5927\u5c0f\uff1aTCP\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u4e3a64KB\uff0c\u800cUDP\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1aUDP\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u97f3\u9891\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\u7b49\u3002\u800cTCP\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u603b\u4e4b\uff0cUDP\u6bd4TCP\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u8fd8\u662fTCP\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a<\/p>\n
                            SSDP<\/h3>\n
                            SSDP\uff08Simple Service Discovery Protocol\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002SSDP \u662f UPnP\uff08Universal Plug and Play\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u5373\u63d2\u5373\u7528\uff09\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0cUPnP \u65e8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u7684\u65e0\u7f1d\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
                            SSDP \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u516c\u544a\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528 HTTPU\uff08HTTP over UDP\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e UDP \u7684 HTTP\uff09\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u5907\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cSSDP \u4f7f\u7528 IPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 239.255.255.250 \u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7 1900\uff0c\u6216\u8005 IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 ff02::c \u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7 1900\u3002<\/p>\n
                            SSDP \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u8bbe\u5907\u52a0\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a SSDP M-SEARCH \u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002M-SEARCH \u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\u542b\u641c\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u6536\u5230 M-SEARCH \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ee1\u8db3\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a SSDP \u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8bbe\u5907\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5217\u8868\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8bbe\u5907\u63cf\u8ff0\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u63cf\u8ff0 XML \u6587\u6863\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5907\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 URL \u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u6536\u5230 SSDP \u54cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6790\u8bbe\u5907\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u5a92\u4f53\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u505c\u6b62\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a SSDP \u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u5b83\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u603b\u4e4b\uff0cSSDP \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u516c\u544a\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5b83\u662f UPnP \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
                            IPV4\u3001IPV6<\/h3>\n
                            IPv4\uff08Internet Protocol version 4\uff09\u548c IPv6\uff08Internet Protocol version 6\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\uff08IP\uff09\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u914d\u5730\u5740\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1aIPv4 \u4f7f\u7528 32 \u4f4d\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u6700\u591a\u652f\u6301\u7ea6 43 \u4ebf\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002\u800c IPv6 \u4f7f\u7528 128 \u4f4d\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u7ea6 3.4 x 10^38 \u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u5740\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff0cIPv4 \u5730\u5740\u5df2\u7ecf\u9010\u6e10\u8017\u5c3d\u3002IPv6 \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5730\u5740\u8868\u793a\uff1aIPv4 \u5730\u5740\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u7528\u70b9\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5982 \u201c192.168.1.1\u201d\u3002IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u516b\u7ec4\u56db\u4f4d\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5982 \u201c2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\uff1aIPv6 \u652f\u6301\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u3002IPv6 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u5206\u5c42\u548c\u805a\u7c7b\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5316\u8def\u7531\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8def\u7531\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cIPv6 \u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709 DHCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1aIPv6 \u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301 IPsec\uff08IP Security\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728 IP \u5c42\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u867d\u7136 IPv4 \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 IPsec\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 IPv6 \u4e2d\uff0cIPsec \u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7b80\u5316\uff1aIPv6 \u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7b80\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cIPv6 \u652f\u6301\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5206\u7247\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1bIPv6 \u7684\u62a5\u5934\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u591a\u64ad\u548c\u4efb\u64ad\uff1aIPv6 \u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u591a\u64ad\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4efb\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u591a\u64ad\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u4efb\u64ad\u5219\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002IPv6 \u653e\u5f03\u4e86 IPv4 \u4e2d\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u603b\u4e4b\uff0cIPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u5740\u8868\u793a\u3001\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u591a\u64ad\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002IPv6 \u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1 IPv6 \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cIPv4 \u4ecd\u7136\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u672c\uff1a\u5347\u7ea7\u5230 IPv6 \u9700\u8981\u6295\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u4ee5\u652f\u6301 IPv6\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u7684\u9ad8\u6602\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1aIPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4e92\u901a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6c\u6362\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u96a7\u9053\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u4ee3\u7406\u6216\u53cc\u6808\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u7f3a\u4e4f\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1 IPv6 \u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u672a\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u5347\u7ea7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff08NAT\uff09\u6280\u672f\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a IPv4 \u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5347\u7ea7\u5230 IPv6\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9 IPv4 \u66f4\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7f3a\u4e4f IPv6 \u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4 IPv6 \u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u9762\u4e34\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u60ef\u6027\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1 IPv6 \u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u548c\u91c7\u7528\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ecd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 IPv4\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u60ef\u6027\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6216\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff0cIPv6 \u7684\u5168\u7403\u91c7\u7528\u7387\u4ecd\u5728\u9010\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u4ee5\u53ca IPv6 \u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u672a\u6765 IPv6 \u5c06\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n
                            STP<\/h3>\n
                            STP\uff08Spanning Tree Protocol\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6811\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u9632\u6b62\u73af\u8def\uff08loop\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002STP \u6700\u521d\u7531 Dr. Radia Perlman \u5728 1985 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728 IEEE 802.1D \u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u6761\u7269\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u73af\u8def\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u73af\u8def\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\u3001\u591a\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\u548c\u5355\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n
                            STP \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u73af\u8def\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u9009\u4e3e\u6839\u6865\uff08Root Bridge\uff09\uff1aSTP \u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u6865\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08Bridge ID\uff09\u6765\u9009\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u6865\u3002\u6865\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7531\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u548c MAC \u5730\u5740\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5c06\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u6839\u6865\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u9009\u4e3e\u6839\u7aef\u53e3\uff08Root Port\uff09\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u975e\u6839\u6865\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5230\u6839\u6865\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\uff08\u6839\u636e\u8def\u5f84\u6210\u672c\uff09\u3002\u8def\u5f84\u6210\u672c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u94fe\u8def\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u9009\u4e3e\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\uff08Designated Port\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u4ece\u94fe\u8def\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8be5\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u72b6\u6001\u5207\u6362\uff1aSTP \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u7aef\u53e3\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u7981\u7528\uff08Disabled\uff09\u3001\u963b\u585e\uff08Blocking\uff09\u3001\u76d1\u542c\uff08Listening\uff09\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\uff08Forwarding\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8f6c\u53d1\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u624d\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0cSTP \u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u73af\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u73af\u8def\u7684\u9632\u6b62\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u7684 STP \u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5982 RSTP\uff08Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u751f\u6210\u6811\u534f\u8bae\uff0cIEEE 802.1w\uff09\u548c MSTP\uff08Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol\uff0c\u591a\u751f\u6210\u6811\u534f\u8bae\uff0cIEEE 802.1s\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
                            SYN<\/h3>\n
                            SYN\uff08Synchronize\uff09\u662f TCP\uff08Transmission Control Protocol\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u3002TCP \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5728 TCP \u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u524d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3a "\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b"\uff08Three-way Handshake\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002SYN \u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a TCP \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d SYN \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff08ISN\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230 SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u610f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a TCP \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d SYN \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u548c ACK\uff08Acknowledge\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\uff09\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u56de\u590d\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a TCP \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d ACK \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 SYN-ACK \u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0cTCP \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5728 nmap \u4e2d\uff0cSYN \u626b\u63cf\uff08-sS\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f83\u5feb\u4e14\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002SYN \u626b\u63cf\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a SYN-ACK \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7aef\u53e3\u5904\u4e8e\u5f00\u653e\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a RST\uff08Reset\uff0c\u91cd\u7f6e\uff09\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7aef\u53e3\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u3002SYN \u626b\u63cf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 TCP \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a "\u534a\u5f00\u653e"\uff08Half-open\uff09\u626b\u63cf<\/p>\n
                            RST<\/h3>\n
                            RST\uff08Reset\uff09\u662f TCP\uff08Transmission Control Protocol\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u3002RST \u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\uff08\u91cd\u7f6e\uff09\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728 TCP \u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c RST \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u6307\u793a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
                            RST \u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a RST \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4ee5\u901a\u77e5\u5bf9\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a RST \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4ee5\u544a\u77e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5728 nmap \u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf\u4e2d\uff0cRST \u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 SYN \u626b\u63cf\uff08-sS\uff09\u4e2d\uff0cnmap \u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a RST \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7aef\u53e3\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cnmap \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u6210 TCP \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6536\u5230\u7684 RST \u6570\u636e\u5305\u5224\u65ad\u7aef\u53e3\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n
                            OSPF<\/h3>\n
                            OSPF\uff08Open Shortest Path First\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\uff08IGP\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08AS\uff09\u5185\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u3002OSPF \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u5229\u7528 Dijkstra \u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4e0e\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cOSPF \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6536\u655b\u3001\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u9500\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
                            OSPF \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff1aOSPF \u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff08Area\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u8def\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u5728 OSPF \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u53eb Backbone Area\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Area 0\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fde\u63a5\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u57df\u5e76\u7ef4\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u5e7f\u64ad\uff1aOSPF \u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u5e7f\u64ad\uff08Link State Advertisement\uff0cLSA\uff09\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ca\u5176\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u9001 LSA \u4ee5\u901a\u77e5\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u7531\u5668\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5feb\u901f\u6536\u655b\uff1a\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0cOSPF \u80fd\u591f\u8fc5\u901f\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 OSPF \u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u52a8\u6001\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\uff08CIDR\uff09\u652f\u6301\uff1aOSPF \u652f\u6301\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9 IP \u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u548c\u805a\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u964d\u4f4e\u8def\u7531\u8868\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1aOSPF \u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\u548c MD5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0cOSPF \u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6 IGP\uff08\u5982 RIP \u548c EIGRP\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cOSPF \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
                            CIDR<\/h3>\n
                            CIDR\uff08\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\uff0cClassless Inter-Domain Routing\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e IP \u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8def\u7531\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002CIDR \u4e8e 1993 \u5e74\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d\u548c\u8def\u7531\u8868\u89c4\u6a21\u589e\u957f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002CIDR \u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\uff08Classful\uff09\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982 A \u7c7b\u3001B \u7c7b\u548c C \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                            CIDR \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5c06 IP \u5730\u5740\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u3002CIDR \u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u659c\u7ebf\uff08\/\uff09\u540e\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c192.168.0.0\/24\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u7f00\u662f IP \u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f CIDR \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff08VLSM\uff09\uff1aCIDR \u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f IP \u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11 IP \u5730\u5740\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u8def\u7531\u805a\u5408\uff1aCIDR \u652f\u6301\u8def\u7531\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u6c47\u603b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u6bb5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u9879\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8def\u7531\u805a\u5408\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u964d\u4f4e\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8def\u7531\u6027\u80fd<\/p>\n
                            \u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff1aCIDR \u901a\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8def\u7531\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n
                            CIDR \u7684\u5f15\u5165\u4f7f\u5f97 IP \u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8def\u7531\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684 IP \u7f51\u7edc\uff08IPv4 \u548c IPv6\uff09\u90fd\u91c7\u7528 CIDR \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n
                            CIDR\uff08\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\uff0cClassless Inter-Domain Routing\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793aIPv4\u548cIPv6\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u3002CIDR\u662f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f15\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u51cf\u8f7b\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002CIDR\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\uff08A\u3001B\u3001C\u7c7b\uff09\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
                            CIDR\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aIP\u5730\u5740\/\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aIPv4\u5730\u5740\u7684CIDR\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a192.168.1.0\/24\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c192.168.1.0\u662fIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c24\u662f\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u7f00\u5360\u7528\u4e8632\u4f4dIPv4\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u524d24\u4f4d\u3002\u5269\u4f59\u76848\u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u5bb9\u7eb32^8-2 = 254\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u51cf2\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\u51680\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548c\u51681\uff08\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                            CIDR\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5206\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0cA\u7c7b\u3001B\u7c7b\u548cC\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528CIDR\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5229\u7528IP\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
                            CIDR\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u8f7b\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u5b50\u7f51\u805a\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u805a\u5408\u6216\u8def\u7531\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5168\u7403\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u9879\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n
                            \u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u6570\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                            IP\u5730\u5740\uff1a  192.168.1.5   (11000000.10101000.00000001.00000101)<\/p>\n
                            \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff1a 255.255.255.0  (11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000)<\/p>\n
                            11000000.10101000.00000001.00000101<\/p>\n
                            11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000<\/p>\n
                            -----------------------------------<\/p>\n
                            11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000<\/p>\n
                            \u7ed3\u679c\u662f11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000\uff0c\u5373192.168.1.0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002\u67090\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5168\u4e3a1\u624d\u662f1<\/p>\n
                            \u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\uff08AND\uff09\u8fd0\u7b97\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u65f6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u627e\u5230\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5171\u540c\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u8be5\u4f4d\u4e3a1\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u8be5\u4f4d\u4e3a0\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6307\u793aIPv4\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f4d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f4d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f1\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f0\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86IP\u5730\u5740\u6240\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684CIDR\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u662f203.101.123.163\/28\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d203.101.123.163\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aIPv4\u5730\u5740\uff0c28\u662f\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9010\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u6700\u5927IP\u548c\u6700\u5c0fIP\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff1a\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a28\u4f4d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u524d28\u4f4d\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5269\u4f594\u4f4d\u4e3a0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a255.255.255.240\u3002<\/p>\n
                            ip\u5730\u5740\u4e2a\u6570\uff1a2^4-2=14,\u8bf4\u660e\u670914\u4e2aip\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
                            \u6700\u5c0fIP\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff1a\u5c06IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u524d28\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\uff08AND\uff09\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c203.101.123.163\u548c255.255.255.240\u7684\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u662f203.101.123.160\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0fIP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u6700\u5927IP\uff08\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff1a\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u4f4d\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u5168\u90e8\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c06203.101.123.160\u7684\u540e4\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5f97\u5230203.101.123.175\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927IP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684CIDR\u8868\u793a\u6cd5203.101.123.163\/28\u4e2d\uff0c163\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684IPv4\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff08\u4ece203.101.123.161\u5230203.101.123.174\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff08203.101.123.160\uff09\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08203.101.123.175\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
                            RIP<\/h3>\n
                            RIP\uff08Routing Information Protocol\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08AS\uff09\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u3002RIP \u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u8df3\u6570\uff08hop count\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\u3002RIP \u7684\u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570\u9650\u5236\u4e3a 15\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7 15 \u8df3\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n
                            RIP \u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff1aRIPv1 \u548c RIPv2\u3002<\/p>\n
                            RIPv1\uff1aRIPv1 \u662f RIP \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\uff08Classful Addressing\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\uff08CIDR\uff09\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3002RIPv1 \u4f7f\u7528\u5e7f\u64ad\u53d1\u9001\u8def\u7531\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n
                            RIPv2\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3 RIPv1 \u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0cRIPv2 \u5728 RIPv1 \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 CIDR \u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u8def\u7531\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cRIPv2 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u660e\u6587\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
                            RIP \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff1aRIP \u4f7f\u7528\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8df3\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8df3\u6570\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u8d8a\u4f18\u5148\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\uff1aRIP \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 30 \u79d2\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u8def\u7531\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u901a\u77e5\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u7531\u5668\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5feb\u901f\u6536\u655b\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u89e6\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0\uff1a\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0cRIP \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001\u89e6\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570\u9650\u5236\uff1aRIP \u7684\u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570\u9650\u5236\u4e3a 15\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7 15 \u8df3\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u9650\u5236\u4e86 RIP \u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5206\u88c2\u6c34\u5e73\uff08Split Horizon\uff09\u548c\u4e2d\u6bd2\u9006\u8f6c\uff08Poison Reverse\uff09\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def\uff0cRIP \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u4e2d\u6bd2\u9006\u8f6c\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5206\u88c2\u6c34\u5e73\u89c4\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u63a5\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u4e2d\u6bd2\u9006\u8f6c\u662f\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u6c34\u5e73\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u5c06\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8df3\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0816\uff09\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u7f51\u7edc\u6536\u655b\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5c3d\u7ba1 RIP \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0cRIP \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 OSPF\uff08\u5f00\u653e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\uff09\u548c EIGRP\uff08\u589e\u5f3a\u578b\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                            OSPF \u548c EIGRP \u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
                            OSPF\uff1a\u5f00\u653e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\uff08OSPF\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\uff08Link-State\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u3002OSPF \u4f7f\u7528 Dijkstra \u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5176\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff08cost\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u94fe\u8def\u5e26\u5bbd\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u3002OSPF \u652f\u6301\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6536\u655b\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u3002OSPF \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206\u3001\u591a\u8def\u5f84\u7b49\u5206\uff08ECMP\uff09\u548c\u5bf9 IPv6 \u7684\u652f\u6301\uff08\u5728 OSPFv3 \u4e2d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                            EIGRP\uff1a\u589e\u5f3a\u578b\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff08EIGRP\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531 Cisco \u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u548c\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002EIGRP \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cc\u91cd\uff08DUAL\uff09\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5176\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002EIGRP \u652f\u6301\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6536\u655b\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u3002EIGRP \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u591a\u8def\u5f84\u7b49\u5206\uff08ECMP\uff09\u3001\u8def\u7531\u6c47\u603b\u548c\u5bf9 IPv6 \u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5c3d\u7ba1 RIP \u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5b66\u4e60 RIP \u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6216\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3 RIP \u662f\u5f88\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f7f\u7528 OSPF \u6216 EIGRP \u7b49\u5148\u8fdb\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236<\/h3>\n
                            0000 = 0<\/p>\n
                            0001 = 1<\/p>\n
                            0010 = 2<\/p>\n
                            0011 = 3<\/p>\n
                            0100 = 4<\/p>\n
                            0101 = 5<\/p>\n
                            0110 = 6<\/p>\n
                            0111 = 7<\/p>\n
                            1000 = 8<\/p>\n
                            1001 = 9<\/p>\n
                            1010 = 10<\/p>\n
                            1011 = 11<\/p>\n
                            1100 = 12<\/p>\n
                            1101 = 13<\/p>\n
                            1110 = 14<\/p>\n
                            1111 = 15<\/p>\n
                            \u4e00\u4e2a8bit\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u56db\u4f4d16\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56db\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5408\u621010\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d<\/p>\n
                            11111111=> 1111 1111<\/p>\n
                            \u200b      15  15=1516+15<\/em>16^0=255<\/p>\n
                            \u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51<\/h3>\n
                            \u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\uff09\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8 IP \u5730\u5740\u5229\u7528\u7387\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u66f4\u6539\u7f51\u7edc\u63a9\u7801\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff09\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9700\u8981\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u9700\u8981\u5bb9\u7eb3\u591a\u5c11\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u9009\u62e9\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206 IP \u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u201c1\u201d\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u201c0\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u8ba1\u7b97\u5b50\u7f51\uff1a\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u7f51\u7edc\u63a9\u7801\u4e0e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u7f51\u7edc\u63a9\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u201c0\u201d\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c1\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u8ba1\u7b97\u5b50\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u548c\u53ef\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u548c\u53ef\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\uff1a192.168.0.0\/24\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11 4 \u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u5bb9\u7eb3 50 \u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u539f\u59cb\u7f51\u7edc\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a\uff1a255.255.255.0\uff08\/24\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u5bb9\u7eb3 50 \u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981 6 \u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\uff082^6 = 64\uff09\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a\uff1a255.255.255.192\uff08\/26\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u6309\u7167\u65b0\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            \u5b50\u7f51 1\uff1a192.168.0.0\/26\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff1a192.168.0.0\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\uff1a192.168.0.1 - 192.168.0.62\uff09<\/p>\n
                            \u5b50\u7f51 2\uff1a192.168.0.64\/26\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff1a192.168.0.64\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\uff1a192.168.0.65 - 192.168.0.126\uff09<\/p>\n
                            \u5b50\u7f51 3\uff1a192.168.0.128\/26\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff1a192.168.0.128\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\uff1a192.168.0.129 - 192.168.0.190\uff09<\/p>\n
                            \u5b50\u7f51 4\uff1a192.168.0.192\/26\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff1a192.168.0.192\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\uff1a192.168.0.193 - 192.168.0.254\uff09<\/p>\n
                            \u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u7684 \/24 \u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a \/26 \u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u60a8\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06 IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4 192.168.0.0\/24 \u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u81f3\u5c11 50 \u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\uff08\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5b50\u7f51 1 \u4e2d\uff0c192.168.0.0 \u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff0c192.168.0.63 \u662f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u53ef\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 192.168.0.1 \u5230 192.168.0.62\u3002<\/p>\n
                            ip route del<\/h3>\n
                            ip route del \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7531\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0cvia \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0cvia \u540e\u9762\u5e94\u8be5\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u6761\u5c06\u6d41\u91cf\u4ece\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u7531\u5230\u5b50\u7f51 192.168.2.0\/24 \u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u5730\u5740\u4e3a 192.168.1.1\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
                            ip route del 192.168.2.0\/24 via 192.168.1.1<\/p>\n
                            \u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c192.168.2.0\/24 \u662f\u76ee\u6807\u5b50\u7f51\uff0cvia 192.168.1.1 \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f51\u5173\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u8def\u7531\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                            IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u7c7b\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u591a\u7f51\u5361\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528 1\u3001IP\u5206\u7c7b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u7684IP\u6570\u91cf 1.1  […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,3],"tags":[46],"views":180,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=357"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":358,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357\/revisions\/358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/8.141.4.74\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}